Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro Biology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs def

A

chemicals that affect physiology in any manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

therapeutic agents def

A

drugs that act against diseasea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

antimicrobials def

A

drugs that treat infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

alexander fleming did what

A

discovered penicillium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

zone of inhibiiton def

A

zone around a substance that it empty and does not contain the surrounding bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

successfull mechanisms are what

A

selective toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are antibacterial drugs many and diverse or scare and limited

A

many and diverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

selective toxicity def

A

target structures or processes in microbe thats distinct from host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why are there fewer drugs for eukaryotic infections

A

cuz fungi are eukaryotes and similar to humans. for bacteria its easy to just target the peptidoglycan layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

are antiviral drugs abundant or limited

A

limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 5 processes and structures that might be targetted in bacteria

A

cell wall, proteins, membranes, metabolic pathways, and DNA/RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the most common way to inhibit cell wall synthesis of bacteria

A

to target and inhibit peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is peptidoglycan inhibited

A

by preventing the cross linkage of NAM subunits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is NAM only in bacteria

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are beta lactams

A

a peptidoglycan inhibitor that prevents replication by binding to enzymes that cross-link NAM subunits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ex of beta lactam

A

penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can osmotic pressure cause in a weak cell wall

A

lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do antibiotics weaken

A

peptidoglycan, meaning no longer a rigid shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vancomycin does what

A

interferes with NAM bridges in many G+ bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does vancomycin bind to

A

binds to D-alanine to prevent cross linkage

21
Q

what does bacitracin do

A

blocks transport of NAG and NAM across the cellular membrane so they never reach the cell wall

22
Q

What does inhibition or protein synthesis and translation target

A

prokaryotic 70 S ribosomes.
advoids eukaryotic ribosomes (80S)

23
Q

what is a potential negative of inhibiting protein synthesis

A

that mitochondira of animsal and humans contain 70 S ribosomes which could be harmful

24
Q

disruption of cytoplasmic membranes is accomplished how

A

by forming channels through the membrane and damaging its integrity

25
Q

what does amphotericin B do

A

binds to ergosteral in fungal membranes

26
Q

what does polymyxin do

A

disrupts G- bacterial membrane

27
Q

How ara metabolic pathways inhibited

A

with antimetabolic agents

28
Q

when are antimetabolic agents effective

A

when pathogen and host metabolic processes differ

29
Q

What is a sulfonamide

A

a metabolism inhibitor

30
Q

what do sulfonamides do

A

inhibit nucleotide production

31
Q

what do para-aminobenzoic acid and sulfanilamide make

A

folic acid

32
Q

what do competitive inhibitors with PABA do

A

prevent folic synthesis

33
Q

do humans make folic acid

A

no

34
Q

How are nucleic acid syntheses inhibited

A

with several drugs that block DNA replication or RNA transcription

35
Q

what do drugs for nucleic acid synthesis affect

A

both Euk and Prok cells

36
Q

are nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor druggs used to treat infections

A

no they are used for research and to inhibit cell replication

37
Q

what do nucleotide or nucleoside analogs do

A

distort shapes of nucleic acids,
prevent replication, transcription, or translation,

38
Q

when are nucleotide or nucleoside analogs most effective

A

they are mostly used against viruses and are most effective against rapidly dividing cells

39
Q

spectrum of action def

A

number of diff pathogens a drug acts against

40
Q

narrow spectrum def

A

effective against few organisms

41
Q

broad spectrum

A

effective against many organisms

42
Q

what are the two ways resistance by bacteria is acquired

A

by new mutation in genes
or by acquiring R plasmids via transformation, transduction, and conjugation

43
Q

what is the first mechanism of drug resistance

A

modifying the target of the antibiotic

44
Q

what is the second mechanism of drug resistance

A

degrade drug before entry

45
Q

what is the third mechanism of drug resistance

A

altering drug once in side

46
Q

what is the fourth mechanism of drug resistance

A

minimizing the concentration of antibiotic in the cell

47
Q

what is the fifth mechanism of drug resistance

A

biofilm formation

48
Q

what are the ways mutation is a mechanism of drug resistance

A

modifying the target of the antibioticw

49
Q

what are the ways that R-plasmid is a mechanism of drug resistance

A

degrade drug outisde cell, alter drug inside cell, minimize drug conc in cell (pump out)

Micro Biology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions