Chapter 26

Question 1

two major fields of applied microbiology

Answer 1

food microbio and industrial micro bio

Question 2

fermentation def

Answer 2

metabolic process in microbes to make desirable change to food and beverages

Question 3

ex of fermentation

Answer 3

yeast and lactic acid

Question 4

spoilage def

Answer 4

unwanted in food and beverages.
its a growth of unwanted microbes due to a undesirable metabolic reaction

Question 5

silage def

Answer 5

animal feed

Question 6

how is silage made

Answer 6

by natural occuring microbes

Question 7

downsides of spoilage

Answer 7

alters nutrition and taste
economic loss
illnesses

Question 8

intrinsic factors def

Answer 8

inherent properties of the food itslef

Question 9

extrinsic factors def

Answer 9

processing or handling of food

Question 10

3 food processing methods

Answer 10

industrial canning
pasteurization
salt and sugar

Question 11

industrial canning uses what to kill what

Answer 11

uses most heat with high pressure (raises temp) to kill mesophilic bacteria and endospores

Question 12

pasteurization def

Answer 12

lowers population of microbes, but some survive, so you need to keep these foods refrigerated

Question 13

salt and sugar are used to

Answer 13

remove water from the food (osmotic stress)

Question 14

when is a high temp desirable

Answer 14

to denature proteins and enzymes ( inactivate)

Question 15

when is a low temp desirable

Answer 15

to slow metabolism and microbial growth

Question 16

2 categories of food poisoning

Answer 16

food infections and food intoxication

Question 17

food infections def

Answer 17

consume living microbes

Question 18

food intoxications def

Answer 18

consume microbial toxins rather than the microbe

Question 19

symptoms of foodborne illnesses

Answer 19

nausea, fatigue, vomiting, diarreha, fever, etc.

Question 20

water treatment is what

Answer 20

treating contaminated water to remove most waterborne pathogens

Question 21

coliforms def

Answer 21

the are gram negative rods in feces of humans and warm blooded animals

Question 22

what are coliforms used for

Answer 22

they are indicator organisms. their presence can indicate a fecal contamination in a water source.

Question 23

are coliforms themselves pathogenic?

Answer 23

not necessarily