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Micro Biology > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

gram positive pathogens

1
Q

is staphylococcus and opportunistic pathogen

A

can be, yes

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2
Q

what is staphylococcus tolerant against

A

salt, desiccation, radiation, and heat

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3
Q

2 types of staphylococcus related to disease

A

staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermidis

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4
Q

staphylococcus aureus virulence info

A

can infect multiple body sites
BSL 2

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5
Q

staphylococcus epidermidis virulence info

A

is an opportunisitc infection (BSL 1)
normal microbiota of human skin

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6
Q

more virulent means what

A

more virulence factors

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7
Q

strategies of s. aureus to cause infection . 3.

A

evade phagocytosis
produce enzymes
produce toxins

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8
Q

s. aureus structural defenses against phagocytosis

A

protein a
capsule
bound coagulase
staphylokinase

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9
Q

protein a def in s. aureus

A

antibodies will bind backwards to preven opsonization and phagocytosis

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10
Q

capsule in s. aureus is what

A

a polysaccharide slime layer

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11
Q

what does the capsule in s.aureus do

A

its slippery to inhibit engulfment by neutrophils/macrophages
it attaches to surfaces

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12
Q

where is bound coagulase in s.aureus attached to

A

to cell wall

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13
Q

what does bound coagulase in s. aureus do

A

causes blood clotting, hides the bacteria from phagocytic cells
inhibits attachment and engulfment

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14
Q

what is staphylokinase do in s. aureus

A

dissolves blood clots to free s. aureus and spread infection throughout the body

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15
Q

what are staphyloccous aureus’s secreted enzymes

A

staphylokinase and beta lactamase

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16
Q

what do b lactamase do

A

breaks down beta lactam ring (ex. penicillin )

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17
Q

toxins of staphylococus aureus

A

exotoxins like cytolytic toxins

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18
Q

what do cytolytic toxins do

A

kill host cell by forming a pore in host cell membrane and causes cell lyse

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19
Q

ex of a cytolytic toxin

A

leukocidin

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20
Q

leukocidin does what

A

can lyse leukocytes and binds receptors found on leukocytes.
also kills immune cells that normally clear s. aureus

21
Q

what are the 3 things that s. epidermidis has like s.aureus

A

slime layer, catalase, and lipase

22
Q

what are the 9 things that s. aureus has

A

protein a
coagulase
slime layer
catalase
hyaluronidase
staphlokinase
lipase
b lactamase
toxins-cytolytic

23
Q

what does streptococcus faculatice

A

anaerobes

24
Q

what is group a streptococcus

A

streptococcus pyogenes

25
Q

virulence factors of strep pyogenes

A

m protein
hyaluronic acid capsule
deoxyribonucleases

26
Q

m protein does what

A

prevents opsonization

27
Q

hyaluronic acid capsule does what

A

hides bacteria from leukocytes and prevents killing by macs/ neuls

28
Q

what is pharyngitis

A

strep throat/ inflammation of the pharynx

29
Q

doexyribonucleases does what

A

cuts DNA from neutrophil extracellular trap
reduces the firmness of pus
allows bacteria to spread

30
Q

what can cause toxic shock syndrome

A

streptococcal

31
Q

what is group b streptococcus

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

32
Q

virulnce factor of strep. pneumoniae

A

polysaccharide capsule to prevent phagocytosis

33
Q

is group b streptococcus opporunistic

A

yes when in the lungs it can cause neumonia

34
Q

is group a or group b of streptococcus present in mouths of most humans

A

group b. strep. pneumoniae

35
Q

what are the 3 types of clostriduim

A

difficile and botulium and tetani

36
Q

clostridium difficile def

A

motile, anaerobic intestinal bacterium, that is in the gut and is an opportunistic pathogen
broad spectrum

37
Q

clostridium botulium def

A

anaerobic, endospore forming
common in soil and water
produces botulis toxins

38
Q

botulism toxins do what

A

c. botulinum strains produce deadly toxins
bind neurons and prevent muscle contractions
flaccid paralysis

39
Q

differnece between botulism and tetani

A

botulism causes flaccid paralysis and tetani causes rigid paralysis

40
Q

what is clostridium tetani

A

motile, obligately anaerobic bacilli that forms endospores at terminia

41
Q

what toxin does c tetani release

A

tetanospasmin toxin when they die

42
Q

what does tetanospasmin toxin do

A

its a neurotoxin that blockks inhibior signal

43
Q

what causes rigid paralysis

A

tetanospasmin toxin in c. tetani

44
Q

what causes flaccid paralysis

A

botulism toxin in c. botulium

45
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis causes what

A

respitory disease

46
Q

what acid is in the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

mycolic acid . need an acid fast test

47
Q

where does mycobacterium tuberculosis live

A

inside macrophages to prevent lysosome fusion

48
Q

how is tuberculosis diagnosed

A

with the tuberculin skin test

49
Q

what does a firm red bump indicate in a tb test

A

that there was exposure to m.tuberculosis (memory cells)

Micro Biology (19 decks)

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