Chapter 19 Flashcards
gram positive pathogens
is staphylococcus and opportunistic pathogen
can be, yes
what is staphylococcus tolerant against
salt, desiccation, radiation, and heat
2 types of staphylococcus related to disease
staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermidis
staphylococcus aureus virulence info
can infect multiple body sites
BSL 2
staphylococcus epidermidis virulence info
is an opportunisitc infection (BSL 1)
normal microbiota of human skin
more virulent means what
more virulence factors
strategies of s. aureus to cause infection . 3.
evade phagocytosis
produce enzymes
produce toxins
s. aureus structural defenses against phagocytosis
protein a
capsule
bound coagulase
staphylokinase
protein a def in s. aureus
antibodies will bind backwards to preven opsonization and phagocytosis
capsule in s. aureus is what
a polysaccharide slime layer
what does the capsule in s.aureus do
its slippery to inhibit engulfment by neutrophils/macrophages
it attaches to surfaces
where is bound coagulase in s.aureus attached to
to cell wall
what does bound coagulase in s. aureus do
causes blood clotting, hides the bacteria from phagocytic cells
inhibits attachment and engulfment
what is staphylokinase do in s. aureus
dissolves blood clots to free s. aureus and spread infection throughout the body
what are staphyloccous aureus’s secreted enzymes
staphylokinase and beta lactamase
what do b lactamase do
breaks down beta lactam ring (ex. penicillin )
toxins of staphylococus aureus
exotoxins like cytolytic toxins
what do cytolytic toxins do
kill host cell by forming a pore in host cell membrane and causes cell lyse
ex of a cytolytic toxin
leukocidin
leukocidin does what
can lyse leukocytes and binds receptors found on leukocytes.
also kills immune cells that normally clear s. aureus
what are the 3 things that s. epidermidis has like s.aureus
slime layer, catalase, and lipase
what are the 9 things that s. aureus has
protein a
coagulase
slime layer
catalase
hyaluronidase
staphlokinase
lipase
b lactamase
toxins-cytolytic
what does streptococcus faculatice
anaerobes
what is group a streptococcus
streptococcus pyogenes
virulence factors of strep pyogenes
m protein
hyaluronic acid capsule
deoxyribonucleases
m protein does what
prevents opsonization
hyaluronic acid capsule does what
hides bacteria from leukocytes and prevents killing by macs/ neuls
what is pharyngitis
strep throat/ inflammation of the pharynx
doexyribonucleases does what
cuts DNA from neutrophil extracellular trap
reduces the firmness of pus
allows bacteria to spread
what can cause toxic shock syndrome
streptococcal
what is group b streptococcus
streptococcus pneumoniae
virulnce factor of strep. pneumoniae
polysaccharide capsule to prevent phagocytosis
is group b streptococcus opporunistic
yes when in the lungs it can cause neumonia
is group a or group b of streptococcus present in mouths of most humans
group b. strep. pneumoniae
what are the 3 types of clostriduim
difficile and botulium and tetani
clostridium difficile def
motile, anaerobic intestinal bacterium, that is in the gut and is an opportunistic pathogen
broad spectrum
clostridium botulium def
anaerobic, endospore forming
common in soil and water
produces botulis toxins
botulism toxins do what
c. botulinum strains produce deadly toxins
bind neurons and prevent muscle contractions
flaccid paralysis
differnece between botulism and tetani
botulism causes flaccid paralysis and tetani causes rigid paralysis
what is clostridium tetani
motile, obligately anaerobic bacilli that forms endospores at terminia
what toxin does c tetani release
tetanospasmin toxin when they die
what does tetanospasmin toxin do
its a neurotoxin that blockks inhibior signal
what causes rigid paralysis
tetanospasmin toxin in c. tetani
what causes flaccid paralysis
botulism toxin in c. botulium
mycobacterium tuberculosis causes what
respitory disease
what acid is in the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis
mycolic acid . need an acid fast test
where does mycobacterium tuberculosis live
inside macrophages to prevent lysosome fusion
how is tuberculosis diagnosed
with the tuberculin skin test
what does a firm red bump indicate in a tb test
that there was exposure to m.tuberculosis (memory cells)
