Chapter 19

Question 1

is staphylococcus and opportunistic pathogen

Answer 1

can be, yes

Question 2

what is staphylococcus tolerant against

Answer 2

salt, desiccation, radiation, and heat

Question 3

2 types of staphylococcus related to disease

Answer 3

staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermidis

Question 4

staphylococcus aureus virulence info

Answer 4

can infect multiple body sites
BSL 2

Question 5

staphylococcus epidermidis virulence info

Answer 5

is an opportunisitc infection (BSL 1)
normal microbiota of human skin

Question 6

more virulent means what

Answer 6

more virulence factors

Question 7

strategies of s. aureus to cause infection . 3.

Answer 7

evade phagocytosis
produce enzymes
produce toxins

Question 8

s. aureus structural defenses against phagocytosis

Answer 8

protein a
capsule
bound coagulase
staphylokinase

Question 9

protein a def in s. aureus

Answer 9

antibodies will bind backwards to preven opsonization and phagocytosis

Question 10

capsule in s. aureus is what

Answer 10

a polysaccharide slime layer

Question 11

what does the capsule in s.aureus do

Answer 11

its slippery to inhibit engulfment by neutrophils/macrophages
it attaches to surfaces

Question 12

where is bound coagulase in s.aureus attached to

Answer 12

to cell wall

Question 13

what does bound coagulase in s. aureus do

Answer 13

causes blood clotting, hides the bacteria from phagocytic cells
inhibits attachment and engulfment

Question 14

what is staphylokinase do in s. aureus

Answer 14

dissolves blood clots to free s. aureus and spread infection throughout the body

Question 15

what are staphyloccous aureus’s secreted enzymes

Answer 15

staphylokinase and beta lactamase

Question 16

what do b lactamase do

Answer 16

breaks down beta lactam ring (ex. penicillin )

Question 17

toxins of staphylococus aureus

Answer 17

exotoxins like cytolytic toxins

Question 18

what do cytolytic toxins do

Answer 18

kill host cell by forming a pore in host cell membrane and causes cell lyse

Question 19

ex of a cytolytic toxin

Answer 19

leukocidin

Question 20

leukocidin does what

Answer 20

can lyse leukocytes and binds receptors found on leukocytes.
also kills immune cells that normally clear s. aureus

Question 21

what are the 3 things that s. epidermidis has like s.aureus

Answer 21

slime layer, catalase, and lipase

Question 22

what are the 9 things that s. aureus has

Answer 22

protein a
coagulase
slime layer
catalase
hyaluronidase
staphlokinase
lipase
b lactamase
toxins-cytolytic

Question 23

what does streptococcus faculatice

Answer 23

anaerobes

Question 24

what is group a streptococcus

Answer 24

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 25

virulence factors of strep pyogenes

Answer 25

m protein hyaluronic acid capsule deoxyribonucleases

Question 26

m protein does what

Answer 26

prevents opsonization

Question 27

hyaluronic acid capsule does what

Answer 27

hides bacteria from leukocytes and prevents killing by macs/ neuls

Question 28

what is pharyngitis

Answer 28

strep throat/ inflammation of the pharynx

Question 29

doexyribonucleases does what

Answer 29

cuts DNA from neutrophil extracellular trap reduces the firmness of pus allows bacteria to spread

Question 30

what can cause toxic shock syndrome

Answer 30

streptococcal

Question 31

what is group b streptococcus

Answer 31

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 32

virulnce factor of strep. pneumoniae

Answer 32

polysaccharide capsule to prevent phagocytosis

Question 33

is group b streptococcus opporunistic

Answer 33

yes when in the lungs it can cause neumonia

Question 34

is group a or group b of streptococcus present in mouths of most humans

Answer 34

group b. strep. pneumoniae

Question 35

what are the 3 types of clostriduim

Answer 35

difficile and botulium and tetani

Question 36

clostridium difficile def

Answer 36

motile, anaerobic intestinal bacterium, that is in the gut and is an opportunistic pathogen broad spectrum

Question 37

clostridium botulium def

Answer 37

anaerobic, endospore forming common in soil and water produces botulis toxins

Question 38

botulism toxins do what

Answer 38

c. botulinum strains produce deadly toxins bind neurons and prevent muscle contractions flaccid paralysis

Question 39

differnece between botulism and tetani

Answer 39

botulism causes flaccid paralysis and tetani causes rigid paralysis

Question 40

what is clostridium tetani

Answer 40

motile, obligately anaerobic bacilli that forms endospores at terminia

Question 41

what toxin does c tetani release

Answer 41

tetanospasmin toxin when they die

Question 42

what does tetanospasmin toxin do

Answer 42

its a neurotoxin that blockks inhibior signal

Question 43

what causes rigid paralysis

Answer 43

tetanospasmin toxin in c. tetani

Question 44

what causes flaccid paralysis

Answer 44

botulism toxin in c. botulium

Question 45

mycobacterium tuberculosis causes what

Answer 45

respitory disease

Question 46

what acid is in the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 46

mycolic acid . need an acid fast test

Question 47

where does mycobacterium tuberculosis live

Answer 47

inside macrophages to prevent lysosome fusion

Question 48

how is tuberculosis diagnosed

Answer 48

with the tuberculin skin test

Question 49

what does a firm red bump indicate in a tb test

Answer 49

that there was exposure to m.tuberculosis (memory cells)