Chapter 22 Flashcards
what are protozon and helaninthic parasits
eukaryotes
definitive host
harbor parasites until completion of lifecycle
intermediate host
harbor asexual parasites until they move to definitive host
how can parasites infect humans. 3 ways
ingestion
vector borne transmission
direct contact
what does a giemsa stain do
stains parasite for infected blood cell
what are protozoa
unicellular eukaryotes
what are the 2 main forms of protozoa
trophozoite
cyst
trophozoite stage info
feeding and reproducing stage, livins inside host, undergo encystment before leaving host in feces
cyst stage info
infective form, survives in the envrionment, underogoes excystation when ingested, developing into trophozoite
what are the 4 protozoan groupings
amoebae
flagellates
apicomplexans
cilliates
what are amoebae shaped like
no true defined shape
what are 2 types of amoebae
acanthamoeba and naegleria
where are acanthamoeba and naegleria found
in natural and artificial water systems
what are acanthamoeba dangerous for
they can invade the eye and cause brain inflammation and potentially death
what are naegleria dangerous for
they are brain eating and may result in a hemorrhage coma or death
what are the 3 talked about flagellates
trypanosoma cruzi
trypanosoma brucei
giardia intestinalis
what does trypanosoma cruzi cause
causes chagas disease and chagomas (swelling)
where is t.cruzi prevelant
opossums and armadillos are the primary reservoir
how is t.cruzi transmitted
through an insect bite via kissing bugs.
once inside humans it travels in bloodstream and replicate in cells
trypanosoma brucei causes what
causes african sleeping sickness
where does t. brucei mature and replicate
it matures in the salivary gland of the tsetse fly and then gets injected into blood when fly bites, where it then lives and replicates outside hosts cell
t. brucei vector
the vector is the tsete fly
various animals including humans then serve as a reservoir
what does giardia intestinalis cause
causes giardiasis , or gastrointinal disease
what does giardia intestinalis ingest
they ingest cysts from contaminated food, water, and hands.
what are apicomplexans
parasites of animals
life cycle of apicomplexans
involves at least 2 types of hosts
2 types of apicomplexans
plasmodium and toxoplasma
what does plasmodium cause
malaria
what does toxoplasm cause
toxoplasmosis
what are the 4 species of plasmodium
p. falciparum
p. vivax
p. ovale
p. malariae
sporozoite develops where
in mosquito
what does the merozoite do
perform the asexual cycle in red blood cells
how does one get toxoplasmosis
eating undercooked meat that contains the parasite
what are reservoirs of toxoplasmosis and what is the definitive host
wild and domestic mammals are reservoirs
cats are the definitive host
how is the infective form of toxoplasmosis spread
through cat feces
what are helminthic parasites
macroscopic, multicellular, eukaryotic worms
do helminthic parasites have simple or complex life cycles
comples, they often have intermediate hosts to support the larval stages
3 groups of helmenthic parasites
cestodes (tapeworms)
trematodes (flukes)
nematodes (roundworm)
