Chapter 5

Question 1

Metabolism is the collection of what

Answer 1

of controlled biochemical reactions in an organism

Question 2

metabolisms ultimate function is what

Answer 2

to reproduce the organism

Question 3

what does metabolism consist of

Answer 3

catabolism and anabolism

Question 4

catabolism def

Answer 4

breaking down

Question 5

anabolism def

Answer 5

building up

Question 6

metabolic processes #1

Answer 6

every cell acquires nutriets

Question 7

metabolic processes #2

Answer 7

metabolism requires energy from light or catabolism of nutrients

Question 8

metabolic processes #3

Answer 8

evergy is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 9

metabolic processes #4

Answer 9

cells catabolize nutrients to form precursor metabolites

Question 10

metabolic processes #5

Answer 10

precursor metabolites, energy from ATP, and enzymes are used in anabolic reactions

Question 11

metabolic processes #6

Answer 11

enzymes plus ATP form macromolecules

Question 12

metabolic processes #7

Answer 12

cells grow by assembling macromolecules

Question 13

metabolic processes #8

Answer 13

cells reproduce once they have doubled in size

Question 14

Catabolic pathways info

Answer 14

like making money. Large to small. exergonic. store energy as ATP

Question 15

REDOX is what

Answer 15

oxidation and reduction. so the shuffling of electrons to make ATP or do processes

Question 16

what are the 3 important electron shufflers

Answer 16

(NAD+)
(NADP+)
(FAD)

Question 17

what is the goal of regulating metabolic function

Answer 17

to limit wasting energy, and to maximize efficiency

Question 18

when are enzymes synthesizes

Answer 18

only when substrate is available

Question 19

what does metablic function prioritize

Answer 19

energy efficeinet molecules

Question 20

Enzymes do what

Answer 20

speed up the rate of chemical reactions

Question 21

what kinds of factors influence the rate of enzymatic reactions

Answer 21

temp
pH
enzyme concentrations
substrate concentration
presence of inhibiors

Question 22

carbohydrate catabolism is reduce or oxidize

Answer 22

oxideized

Question 23

carbohydrates def

Answer 23

common energy source for anabolismw

Question 24

whats the most common carbohydrate used

Answer 24

glucose

Question 25

what are the 2 common ways glucose is catabolized

Answer 25

cellular repiration fermentation

Question 26

steps of respiration

Answer 26

glycolysis to citric acid cylce to etc

Question 27

steps of fermentation

Answer 27

glycolysis to the process to form end-products

Question 28

what does glycolysis do

Answer 28

splits a 6 Carbon glucose into two 3 Carbon sugar molecules

Question 29

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 29

in the cytoplasm of most cells

Question 30

what is substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 30

the direct transfer of phosphate between two substancesn

Question 31

net gain or glycolysis

Answer 31

2 ATP 2 molecules NADH precursor metabolite pyruvic acid

Question 32

example of aerobic respiration in prokaryotes

Answer 32

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 33

cellular respiration is all about what

Answer 33

the electrons

Question 34

ETC

Answer 34

electron transport chain

Question 35

what does the citric acid cycle produce

Answer 35

2 ATP 2FADH2 2NADH 4 CO2 so . electron shufflers and a little ATP

Question 36

Electron Transport chain significance?

Answer 36

is a significant ATP production

Question 37

what is the etc a series of

Answer 37

a series of redox reactions

Question 38

what do carrier molecules do in ETC

Answer 38

they pass electrons from one to another to the final electron acceptor

Question 39

where is the ETC located in prokaryotes

Answer 39

in the cytoplasmic membrane

Question 40

where is the ETC located in eukaryotes

Answer 40

in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 41

final electron acceptor of ETC in aerobic

Answer 41

O2 oxygen

Question 42

Final electron acceptor of ETC in anaerobic

Answer 42

NO3- , SO4 2- , CO3 2- , or extremely acquired organic molecule

Question 43

carbohydrate catabolism is what

Answer 43

like catabolizing glucose

Question 44

are there one or many ways to catabolize glucose

Answer 44

many

Question 45

2 ways to catabolize glucose

Answer 45

1. entner-doudoroff (ED) pathway 2. pentose phosphate pathway

Question 46

Entner doudoroff pathway info

Answer 46

produces 1 ATP, 1 NADH, and 1 NADPH zymomonas mobilis: industrial apps

Question 47

Pentose phosphate pathway info

Answer 47

alternative to glycolysis (0 ATP), produces NADPH, precursors to nucleotides

Question 48

what does Fermentation do

Answer 48

catablizes glucose

Question 49

Fermentation . cells require what

Answer 49

constant source of NAD+ because glycolysis and citric acid cycle are insufficient

Question 50

Fermentation. the partial oxidation of a metabolite is to do what

Answer 50

release energy

Question 51

what is the final electron acceptor for fermentation

Answer 51

an organic molecule from within the cell

Question 52

what does glycolysis produce

Answer 52

pyruvic acid

Question 53

what can pyruvic acid be fermented to yield

Answer 53

lactic acid, ethanol, and others

Question 54

potential molecules of atp produced in aerobic, anaerobic, and fermentation per glucose molecule

Answer 54

Aerobic ( 38 in prok) (36 in euk) Anaerobic (4-36) Fermentation is 2

Question 55

energy source for photosynthesis

Answer 55

light

Question 56

photosynthsis synthesizing

Answer 56

synthesizes carbohydrates from CO2 to H2O

Question 57

who all uses photosynthesis

Answer 57

algae, plants, cyanobacteria

Question 58

gluconeogenisis is what

Answer 58

basically the invert of glycolysis, anabolic builds glucose and complex carbs