Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two forms of immunity

A

Innate and Adaptive

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2
Q

what does the first line of defense mean

A

it prevents microbes from entering the bloodstream and organs

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3
Q

2 examples of the first line of defense

A

skin and mucous membranes

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4
Q

what do chemical barriers produced by the skin do

A

defend against pathogens

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5
Q

lysozyme def

A

breaks down peptidoglycan

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6
Q

chemical barriers in mucous membranes do what

A

cover all body cavities open to environment

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7
Q

what do white blood cells act against

A

infection

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8
Q

PMN is what

A

Polymorphonuclear neukocytes

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9
Q

3 types of PMNs

A

Neutrophils, basophils, and esosinophiles

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10
Q

where are PMNs made

A

in bone marrow

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11
Q

monocyes have what (2 types)

A

macrophages and dendritic cells

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12
Q

Neutrophiles are what

A

a majority of White blood cells in blood
and are multi lobed nuclei

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13
Q

what do neutrophiles engulf

A

microbes by phagocytosis

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14
Q

extravasation def

A

leave bloodstream, enter tissue to destroy pathogen

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15
Q

Basophils info

A

high allergic response

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16
Q

eosinophiles info

A

target parasites

17
Q

what is something that has
no phagocytosis
releases products that are toxic to the microbe and
release chemical signaling molecules

A

both basophils and eosinophils

18
Q

where are monocytes

A

they circulate in blood

19
Q

what are macrophages and dendritic cells

20
Q

macrophages do what

A

they do phagocytose and present antigens on surface of cell to T cells (antigen presenting cell)

21
Q

APC means what

A

Antigen presentin gcell

22
Q

Dentritc cells do what

A

sleep and lymph nodes and present antigens on cell surface to Tcells (Antigen presenting cell)

23
Q

explain the 4 steps of phagocytosis

A
  1. bacteria binds to phagocytic cell and binding is aided by antibody or complement
  2. phagocytes pseudopods extend and engulf the organism
  3. invagination of phagocytes membrane traps the organism within a phagosome
  4. a lysosome fuses and deposits enzymes into the phagosome and then enzymes cleave macromolecules and generate reactive oxygen which DESTROYS the organism
24
Q

what happens to WBC count during and infection or allergy

A

highly raised

25
When there is a higher WBC count in specific cell types what does in indicate
can indicate type of pathogens
26
what does high neutrophils suggest
a bacterial infection
27
what does high eosinophils suggest
parasites
28
inflammation def
a localized condition where body part becomes red swollen or hot and is often painful
29
vasudilation def
high blood flow
30
what arrives to infected tissue during inflammation
neutrophils and macrophages
31
cytokine production. the chemical signals do what
recurit immune cells to infection site
32
if an infection occurs, what 3 steps occur to heal ti
macrophages engulf pathogens and release cytokines, then vasoactive factors and cytokines help deliver additional phagocytes, and then some cytokines initiate healing as pathogens are destroyed.