Chapter 15 Flashcards
What are the two forms of immunity
Innate and Adaptive
what does the first line of defense mean
it prevents microbes from entering the bloodstream and organs
2 examples of the first line of defense
skin and mucous membranes
what do chemical barriers produced by the skin do
defend against pathogens
lysozyme def
breaks down peptidoglycan
chemical barriers in mucous membranes do what
cover all body cavities open to environment
what do white blood cells act against
infection
PMN is what
Polymorphonuclear neukocytes
3 types of PMNs
Neutrophils, basophils, and esosinophiles
where are PMNs made
in bone marrow
monocyes have what (2 types)
macrophages and dendritic cells
Neutrophiles are what
a majority of White blood cells in blood
and are multi lobed nuclei
what do neutrophiles engulf
microbes by phagocytosis
extravasation def
leave bloodstream, enter tissue to destroy pathogen
Basophils info
high allergic response
eosinophiles info
target parasites
what is something that has
no phagocytosis
releases products that are toxic to the microbe and
release chemical signaling molecules
both basophils and eosinophils
where are monocytes
they circulate in blood
what are macrophages and dendritic cells
monocytes
macrophages do what
they do phagocytose and present antigens on surface of cell to T cells (antigen presenting cell)
APC means what
Antigen presentin gcell
Dentritc cells do what
sleep and lymph nodes and present antigens on cell surface to Tcells (Antigen presenting cell)
explain the 4 steps of phagocytosis
- bacteria binds to phagocytic cell and binding is aided by antibody or complement
- phagocytes pseudopods extend and engulf the organism
- invagination of phagocytes membrane traps the organism within a phagosome
- a lysosome fuses and deposits enzymes into the phagosome and then enzymes cleave macromolecules and generate reactive oxygen which DESTROYS the organism
what happens to WBC count during and infection or allergy
highly raised
When there is a higher WBC count in specific cell types what does in indicate
can indicate type of pathogens
what does high neutrophils suggest
a bacterial infection
what does high eosinophils suggest
parasites
inflammation def
a localized condition where body part becomes red swollen or hot and is often painful
vasudilation def
high blood flow
what arrives to infected tissue during inflammation
neutrophils and macrophages
cytokine production. the chemical signals do what
recurit immune cells to infection site
if an infection occurs, what 3 steps occur to heal ti
macrophages engulf pathogens and release cytokines, then vasoactive factors and cytokines help deliver additional phagocytes, and then some cytokines initiate healing as pathogens are destroyed.
