Chapter 8.4 DNA Translation Flashcards
Define codon.
Sequence of 3 nucleotides on messanger RNA.
Define anticodon.
3 base sequence that connects with mRNA.
Define translation.
From nucleic acid language to amino acid language.
What is a start codon?
AUG, met
Stop codons?
UGA, UAA, UAG
What is a positive transcription factor?
A factor that helps increase the production during translation.
What is a negative transcription factor?
A factor that negatively impacts production during translation.
Define affinity.
The strength of the attraction between two substances, such as two chemicals, or an antigen and an antibody.
Define mutation.
Change in the base sequence order in a molecule of DNA.
The role of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in translation.
mRNA- contains code/messages for amino acid sequences.
tRNA- transfers amino acids, and contains anicodons that pair with mRNA codons to put amino acids in the correct order.
rRNA- facilitates the matching of mRNA and tRNA. Joins amino acids to synthesize proteins.
What is point mutation and what are the different types?
Point mutations- substitution of a singular base
Silent- no amino acid change, redundancy in code
Missense- change the amino acid
Nonsense- change to stop codon,
What is frameshift?
Shift in the reading frame, changes everything “downstream”
