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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 Special Senses: Ear and Eye > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Special Senses: Ear and Eye Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

general senses found in skin

A

pain
touch
pressure
temp
proprioception

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2
Q

special senses

A

gustation
olfaction
hearing
equilibrium
vision

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3
Q

equilibrium

A

balance

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4
Q

gustation

A

taste

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5
Q

hearing

A

sound

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6
Q

olfaction

A

smell

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7
Q

proprioception

A

posture, movement, changes in equilibrium

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8
Q

tactile

A

touch

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9
Q

vision

A

light t o sight

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10
Q

-esthesia

A

sensation

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11
Q

-algesia

A

pai n

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12
Q

-osmia

A

sense of smell

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13
Q

-geusia

A

taste

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14
Q

pinna

A

projection of ear, also called auricle (where you get piercings)

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15
Q

auricle

A

also called pinna, projection of ear

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16
Q

external auditory canal

A

where earwax collects, called meatus too

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17
Q

meatus

A

external auditory canal

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18
Q

tympanic membrane

A

also called eardrum, before malleus, deep to meatus

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19
Q

cerumen

A

earwax
- protection
- infection prevention

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20
Q

ossicles

A

small bones
- malleus
- incus
- stapes

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21
Q

auditory tube

A

eustachian tube
- connects middle ear with nasopharynx
- equalizes pressure between outer ear and middle ear

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22
Q

how is the inner ear described?

A

labyrinth
- complex shape!!!

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23
Q

cochlea

A

snail shell

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24
Q

spiral organ

A

part of cochlea that allows for hearing
also called organ of Corti

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25
Q

organ of corti

A

also called spiral organ
cells respond to sound

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26
Q

vestibular apparatus

A

sense of equilibrium
- semicircular canals
- vestibule

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27
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve

A

nerve that transmits ear impulses to brain (VII)

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28
Q

incus

A

Middle ossicle

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29
Q

malleus

A

middle ossicle

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30
Q

stapes

A

most deep ossicle

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31
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

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32
Q

acous

A

sound, hearing

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33
Q

acus

A

sound, hearing

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34
Q

cus

A

sound, hearing

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35
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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36
Q

myring/o

A

tympanic membrane

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37
Q

tympan/o

A

tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane

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38
Q

salping/o

A

tube, auditory tube

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39
Q

staped/o, stapedi/o

A

stapes

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40
Q

labyrnth/o

A

labyrinth (inner ear)

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41
Q

vestibul/o

A

vestibule, vestibular apparatus

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42
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea (of inner ear)

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43
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

damage to
- inner ear
- VII nerve
- central auditory pathways

(heredity, toxins, loud noises, aging)

inability to hear frequencies to deafness

COCHLEAR IMPLANT

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44
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

blockage in sound transmission to inner ear

(infection, obstruction, fixation of ossicles)

often easily cured

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45
Q

otitis media

A

infection that results in fluid in middle ear

(allergy, enlarged adenoids, injury, congenital, infection)

myringotomy - tube in tympanic membrane to drain fluid

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46
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of external auditory canal

swimmer’s ear (infection)

47
Q

otosclerosis

A

body of inner ear deteriorates and reforms into spongy tissue that may harden

  • stapes fixated to inner ear, unable to vibrate (conductive hearing loss)

STAPEDECTOMY (prosthetic stapes inserted as replacement)

48
Q

MÉNIÈRE DISEASE

A

inner ear
- malfunction of fluid production and circulation

  • vertigo, tinnitus, pressure in ear
  • drugs

-Vestibulocochlear nerve may become damaged in severe cases

49
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

tumor from neurilemma of surrounding nerves (schwannoma, neurilemmoma)

  • decreased blood supply, surgery needed
50
Q

Orbit

A

bony socket that eye resides in

51
Q

palpebrae

A

eyelids

52
Q

lacrimal glands

A

tear glands

53
Q

conjunctiva

A

thin membrane that lines eyelids and covers anterior portion of eye

54
Q

sclera

A

outermost layer of eye, WHITE

extends over anterior portion and meets with c ornea

55
Q

cornea

A

transparent curved outer portion of anterior eye

56
Q

uvea

A

choroid
ciliary body
iris

57
Q

choroid

A

vascular and pigmented layer of posterior eye

nourishment for retina

58
Q

ciliary body

A

muscle to control shape of lens for near/far vision
ACCOMODATION

59
Q

accomodation

A

ciliary body contracts and relaxes to reshape the lens for near and far vision; near vision requires a more rounded lens

60
Q

iris

A

muscular ring to control pupil size
- regulates light that enters eye

61
Q

pupil

A

opening of iris

62
Q

retina

A

visual receptor area deep to choroid plexus
- contains rods and cones

63
Q

rods

A

dim light
- sharpness
- do not respond to color

64
Q

cones

A

bright light
- high visual acuity
- COLOR

65
Q

refraction

A

bending of light rays as they pass through the eyes

66
Q

how is visual information transmitted to brain

A

optic nerve II

67
Q

opticv disk

A

where optic nerve II connects to eye; no visual information here, blind spot because no rods or cones

68
Q

fovea

A

high concentration of cones for highest visual acuity

69
Q

macula

A

surrounds fovea, yellow

70
Q

vitreous body

A

jelly like fluid that fills eye

shapes eye

refracts light

71
Q

aqueous humor

A

fluid that fills space between the lens and cornea

72
Q

convergence

A

6 muscles converge at eye to produce coordinated eye movements so they can focus on the same spots

73
Q

visual acuity

A

sharpness of vision

74
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

75
Q

palpabr/o

A

eyelid

76
Q

dacry/o

A

tear, lacrimal apparatus

77
Q

dacryocyst/o

A

lacrimal sac

78
Q

lacrim/o

A

tear, lacrimal apparatus

79
Q

opt/o

A

eye, vision

80
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

81
Q

opthalm/o

A

eye

82
Q

scler/o

A

sclera

83
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

84
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

85
Q

lent/i

A

lens

86
Q

phak/o, phac/o

A

lens

87
Q

uve/o

A

uvea

88
Q

chori/o, choroid/o

A

choroid

89
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary body, ciliary muscle

90
Q

ir, irit/o, irid/o

A

iris

91
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil

92
Q

retin/o

A

retina

93
Q

-opia

A

condition of vision

94
Q

-opia

A

condition of eye/vision

95
Q

myopia

A

nearsightnedness (long eye, things appear before the retina)

96
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness (short eye, things appear behind the retina)

97
Q

astigmatism

A

irregularity of corneal curve that distorts light entering eye

  • blurs visionq
98
Q

conjuntivitis

A

inflammation of conjunctiva

99
Q

trachoma

A

inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva that causes scarring (antibiotics/sulfa drugs)

uncommon in USA but can cause blindness in other countries

100
Q

ophthalmia neonatorum

A

gonorrhea causes acute conjunctivitis in newborns; erythromycin used to prevent

101
Q

retinal detachment

A

retina separates from choroid and cause blindness

  • laser
102
Q

macular degeneration

A

spot degenerates, caused by

  • aging
  • drug toxicity
  • hereditary diseases

CENTRAL VISION IMPACTED AND NOT PERIPHERAL

103
Q

AMD

A

age related macular degenerationdr

104
Q

dry AMD

A

material accumulates on retina (supplements may delay)

105
Q

wet AMD

A

abnormal blood vessels grow under retina - detachment

intraocular injections to prevent

laser treatment (stop blood vessel growth)

106
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

circulation problems with diabetes mellitus

changes to retina

vascular damage, lipoprotein exudate (new blood vessels go into vitreous humor and hemorrhage)

107
Q

cataract

A

opacity of lens that blurs vision

(age, environment, UV light)

108
Q

phacoemulsification

A

cataract removal where lens anterior capsule is removed by high frequency ultrasound to break it up with subsequent extraction

109
Q

glaucoma

A

increase of pressure within eyeball

too much aqueous humor, puts pressure on blood vessels and on optic nerve II (rubella in fetus can cause glaucoma, cataracts, hearing loss)

110
Q

presbyopia

A

changes in eye that happen with age (lens elasticity loss, inability to accommodate for near vision)

111
Q

homonymous hemianopia

A

loss of vision in half of the visual field in both eyes on the same side

112
Q

exopthalmos

A

protrusion of eyeball (proptosis)

113
Q

anacusis

A

total deafness

114
Q

ORL

A

otorhinolaryngology

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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