Chapter 2 Body Structure Flashcards
Metabolism
Sum of body’s physical and chemical activities
plasma membrane
outer layer of cell
composed of lipids and proteins
(exchange of goods, growth reproduction, cell interaction)
microvilli
extensions of cell membrane
absorbs material into cell
nucleus
large membrane bound organelle
contains chromosomes
nucleolus
thing in nucleus (core)
RIBOSOME PRODUCTION
cytoplasm
fills cell; consists of fluid and organelles
cytosol
fluid part of cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
membranes within cytoplasm; rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins, smooth ER for lipids
ribososmes
small bodies attached to ER made of RNA and protein (MAKE PROTEINS)
golgi apparatus
layers of membranes
modifies proteins, sorts and prepares for transport
mitochondria
large, folded membranes, makes ATP
lysosomes
digestive enzymes, breaks stuff down in cells
peroxisomes
enzymes, breaks down harmful stuff
vesicles
membrane bound sacs, transport stuff in bulk in/out of cell ( think starwars cargo ship)
centrioles
rod shaped near nucleus, separates chromosomes during division
surface projections
structures extend from cell, move cell
cilia
cell hair, move fluid around cell
flagellum
whip tail, moves cell
meiosis
prepares for fertilization, halves genes
epithelial tissue
covers and protects organs and body structures
simple epithelium
absorb substances from one system to another (resp, dig)
stratified epithelium
protects deeper tissues (ex: vagina, mouth)
connective tissue
supports and binds structures
fibers and nonliving materials
- blood
- adipose
- cartilage
- bone
muscle tissue
- skeletal moves skeleton
- cardiac moves heart
- smooth forms walls in organs and is involuntary
nervous tissue
brain spinal cord and nerves
controls and coordinates body responses by electrical impulses
histology
study of tissues
integumentary system
skin, hair, sweat glands, oil glands
protection and body temp regulation
skeletal system
bones and joints
muscular system
moves skeleton
makes up walls of internal organs
protect body parts
nervous system
brain spinal cord, special senses (ear and eye)
receives and processes stimuli
endocrine system
individual glands that produce hormones
cardiovascular system
blood, heart, blood vessels
lymphatic system
circulation, protect body from foreign materials
respiratory system
obtains oxygen needed for metabolism and eliminates CO2
digestive system
absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste
urinary system
eliminates soluble waste, balances volume and composition of body fluids
cytology
study of cells
gene
UNIT of DNA that composes chromosome
glucose
main energy source, simple sugar
mucus
protects tissues
proteins
can be
- structural
- enzymes
- hormones
RNA
make proteins
morph/o
form
kary/o
nucleus
hist/o
tissue
histi/o
tissue
fibr/o
fiber
reticul/o
network
aden/o
gland
papill/o
nipple
myx/o
mucus
muc/o
mucus, mucus membrane
somat/o
body
-some
small body
blast/o, -blast
immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell
gen
origin, formation
phag/o
eat, ingest
phil
attract, absorb
plas
formation, molding, development
trop
act on, affect
troph/o
feeding, growth, development
-ase
enzyme
-ose
sugar
hydr/o
water, fluid
gluc/o
glucose
glyc/o
sugar, glucose
sacchar/o
sugar
amyl/o
starch
lip/o
lipid, fat
adip/o
fat
steat/o
fatty