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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 Body Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Body Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of body’s physical and chemical activities

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2
Q

plasma membrane

A

outer layer of cell
composed of lipids and proteins
(exchange of goods, growth reproduction, cell interaction)

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3
Q

microvilli

A

extensions of cell membrane
absorbs material into cell

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4
Q

nucleus

A

large membrane bound organelle
contains chromosomes

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5
Q

nucleolus

A

thing in nucleus (core)
RIBOSOME PRODUCTION

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6
Q

cytoplasm

A

fills cell; consists of fluid and organelles

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7
Q

cytosol

A

fluid part of cytoplasm

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8
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

membranes within cytoplasm; rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins, smooth ER for lipids

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9
Q

ribososmes

A

small bodies attached to ER made of RNA and protein (MAKE PROTEINS)

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10
Q

golgi apparatus

A

layers of membranes
modifies proteins, sorts and prepares for transport

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

large, folded membranes, makes ATP

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12
Q

lysosomes

A

digestive enzymes, breaks stuff down in cells

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13
Q

peroxisomes

A

enzymes, breaks down harmful stuff

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14
Q

vesicles

A

membrane bound sacs, transport stuff in bulk in/out of cell ( think starwars cargo ship)

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15
Q

centrioles

A

rod shaped near nucleus, separates chromosomes during division

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16
Q

surface projections

A

structures extend from cell, move cell

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17
Q

cilia

A

cell hair, move fluid around cell

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18
Q

flagellum

A

whip tail, moves cell

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19
Q

meiosis

A

prepares for fertilization, halves genes

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20
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers and protects organs and body structures

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21
Q

simple epithelium

A

absorb substances from one system to another (resp, dig)

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22
Q

stratified epithelium

A

protects deeper tissues (ex: vagina, mouth)

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23
Q

connective tissue

A

supports and binds structures
fibers and nonliving materials
- blood
- adipose
- cartilage
- bone

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24
Q

muscle tissue

A
  • skeletal moves skeleton
  • cardiac moves heart
  • smooth forms walls in organs and is involuntary
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25
Q

nervous tissue

A

brain spinal cord and nerves
controls and coordinates body responses by electrical impulses

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26
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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27
Q

integumentary system

A

skin, hair, sweat glands, oil glands
protection and body temp regulation

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28
Q

skeletal system

A

bones and joints

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29
Q

muscular system

A

moves skeleton
makes up walls of internal organs
protect body parts

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30
Q

nervous system

A

brain spinal cord, special senses (ear and eye)
receives and processes stimuli

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31
Q

endocrine system

A

individual glands that produce hormones

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32
Q

cardiovascular system

A

blood, heart, blood vessels

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33
Q

lymphatic system

A

circulation, protect body from foreign materials

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34
Q

respiratory system

A

obtains oxygen needed for metabolism and eliminates CO2

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35
Q

digestive system

A

absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste

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36
Q

urinary system

A

eliminates soluble waste, balances volume and composition of body fluids

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37
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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38
Q

gene

A

UNIT of DNA that composes chromosome

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39
Q

glucose

A

main energy source, simple sugar

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40
Q

mucus

A

protects tissues

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41
Q

proteins

A

can be
- structural
- enzymes
- hormones

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42
Q

RNA

A

make proteins

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43
Q

morph/o

A

form

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44
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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45
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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46
Q

histi/o

A

tissue

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47
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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48
Q

reticul/o

A

network

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49
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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50
Q

papill/o

A

nipple

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51
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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52
Q

muc/o

A

mucus, mucus membrane

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53
Q

somat/o

A

body

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54
Q

-some

A

small body

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55
Q

blast/o, -blast

A

immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell

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56
Q

gen

A

origin, formation

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57
Q

phag/o

A

eat, ingest

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58
Q

phil

A

attract, absorb

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59
Q

plas

A

formation, molding, development

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60
Q

trop

A

act on, affect

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61
Q

troph/o

A

feeding, growth, development

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62
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

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63
Q

-ose

A

sugar

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64
Q

hydr/o

A

water, fluid

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65
Q

gluc/o

A

glucose

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66
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar, glucose

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67
Q

sacchar/o

A

sugar

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68
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

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69
Q

lip/o

A

lipid, fat

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70
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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71
Q

steat/o

A

fatty

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72
Q

prote/o

A

protein

73
Q

parenchyma

A

functional tissue of organ

74
Q

coronal plane

A

crown, front to back

75
Q

sagittal plane

A

side to side, from word arrow

76
Q

transverse plane

A

top and bottom

77
Q

dorsal cavity

A

brain and spinal cord

78
Q

ventral cavity

A

thoracic cavity separate from abdominal cavity by diaphragm, pelvic cavity

79
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane that covers abdominopelvic cavity

80
Q

epigastric

A

above stomach, one of 9

81
Q

umbilical

A

at umbilicus

82
Q

hypogastric

A

below umbilicus, middle below stomach

83
Q

hypochondriac

A

on left and right upper regions

84
Q

lumbar

A

left and right middle regions

85
Q

iliac

A

left and right lower regions

86
Q

cranial

A

head,skull

87
Q

facial

A

face

88
Q

frontal

A

forehead

89
Q

ocular

A

eye

90
Q

oral

A

mouth

91
Q

thoracic

A

chest

92
Q

brachial

A

arm

93
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

94
Q

carpal

A

wrist

95
Q

manual

A

hand

96
Q

femoral

A

thigh

97
Q

crural

A

leg

98
Q

pedal

A

foot

99
Q

mammary

A

breast

100
Q

axillary

A

armpit

101
Q

antecubital

A

inner elbow

102
Q

umbilical

A

navel

103
Q

inguinal

A

groin

104
Q

pubis

A

pubic

105
Q

palmar

A

palm

106
Q

phalangeal

A

fingers/toes

107
Q

patellar

A

knee cap

108
Q

parietal

A

crown of head

109
Q

occipital

A

base of skull

110
Q

acromial

A

shoulder

111
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade

112
Q

iliac

A

hip

113
Q

sural

A

calf

114
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

115
Q

cervical

A

neck

116
Q

deltoil

A

shoulder (lateral)

117
Q

lumbar

A

small of back

118
Q

sacral

A

sacrum(tailbone region)

119
Q

gluteal

A

buttock

120
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

121
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

122
Q

anatomic position

A

standing facing forward with arms at side, palm forward, legs parallel, toes forward

123
Q

decubitus position

A

lying down

124
Q

dorsal recumbent position

A

on back with legs bent and separated, feet flat, used for OBGYN

125
Q

fowler position

A

on back, head of bed raised 18 inches, knees elevated

used for drainage

126
Q

jackknife position

A

on back with shoulders elevated, legs flexed and thighs at right angels to abdomen; used to insert foley

127
Q

knee-chest position

A

on knees, head and upper chest on table, arms crossed above head; used to flush intestine

128
Q

lateral recumbent position

A

on side with one leg flexed

129
Q

lithotomy position

A

on back with legs flexed on abdomen, thighs apart

used for gyn and uro surgery

130
Q

prone

A

facing down

131
Q

prone jackknife

A

body facing down in V

used for anorectal surgery

132
Q

sims position

A

on left side, leg drawn up and forward, left arm on back, chest forward resting on bed

kidney/uterine surgery, colon exam, enema

133
Q

supine

A

lying face up

134
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

supine, head lowered at 45 degrees

pelvic/abdominal surgery, treatment of shock

135
Q

abdominal cavity

A

ventral cavity below diaphragm, above pelvic

136
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

between diaphragm and pelvis; ventral

137
Q

cranial cavity

A

dorsal cavity, contains brain

138
Q

diaphragm

A

separates thoracic and abdominal cavity

139
Q

frontal plane

A

same as coronal; separates body into dorsal and ventral sections

140
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs inside it

141
Q

spinal cavity

A

dorsal cavity that contains spinal cord

142
Q

thoracic cavity

A

ventral cavity above diaphragm

143
Q

cephal/o

A

head

144
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

145
Q

thorac/o

A

chest, thorax

146
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomence

147
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

148
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall

149
Q

lumb/o

A

lumbar region, lower back

150
Q

periton/peritone/o

A

peritoneum

151
Q

acro

A

extremity, end

152
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

153
Q

dactyl/o

A

finger, toe

154
Q

ped/o

A

foot

155
Q

pod/o

A

foot

156
Q

circum-

A

around

157
Q

peri-

A

around

158
Q

intra-

A

in, within

159
Q

epi-

A

on, over

160
Q

extra-

A

outside

161
Q

infra-

A

below

162
Q

sub-

A

below, under

163
Q

inter-

A

between

164
Q

juxta-

A

near, beside

165
Q

para-

A

near, beside

166
Q

retro-

A

behind, backward

167
Q

supra-

A

above

168
Q

digit

A

finger or toe

169
Q

epigastrum

A

epigastric region

170
Q

fundus

A

base or body of hollow organ, area of organ farthest from opening

171
Q

hypochondrium

A

hypochondriac region

172
Q

lumen

A

central opening of tube or hollow organ

173
Q

meatus

A

passage/opening

174
Q

orifice

A

opening of cavity

175
Q

os

A

mouth, any body opening

176
Q

septum

A

wall dividing two cavities

177
Q

sinus

A

cavity (within bone)

178
Q

sphincter

A

circular muscular that regulates opening

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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