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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Peristalsis

A

wave-like contractions of the organ walls to move through the digestive tract and move undigested waste out of body

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2
Q

enzymes

A

produce catalysts that speed up the rate of food breakdown (-ase)

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3
Q

alimentary canal

A

other word for digestive tract

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4
Q

palate

A

roof of mouth

Hard palate = bone
soft palate = soft tissue

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5
Q

uvula

A

fleshy, hangs from soft palate, speech

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6
Q

mastication

A

process of chewing

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7
Q

saliva

A

starch digestion

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8
Q

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

at distal end of esophagus, this sphincter keeps stomach contents from refluxing

(ALSO CALLED CARDIAC SPHINCTER)

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9
Q

pylorus

A

lower portion of stomach

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10
Q

Small intestine parts

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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11
Q

villi

A

small projections on intestines that absorb nutrients and add to circulation

each villus has capillaries (lymphatic -lacteals- and blood)

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12
Q

lacteal

A

lymphatic capillary in villus

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13
Q

large intestine parts

A

cecum (small pouch where it begins, appendix is here), colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

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14
Q

liver

A

large gland
- process blood
- removes toxins
- converting nutrients

hepatic portal system (blood from liver)

BILE to digest fats

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15
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile produced in liver until needed for digestion
- common bile duct empties in duodenum

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16
Q

pancreas

A

produces mixture of digestive enzymes that delivered to duodenum thru pancreatic duct

bicarbonate is basic and neutralizes stomach acid

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17
Q

where is saliva produced

A

3 glands
- parotid
- submanibular
- sublingual

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18
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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19
Q

dent/i-o

A

teeth

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20
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

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21
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum

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22
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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23
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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24
Q

gnath/o

A

jaw

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25
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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26
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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27
Q

stoma, stomat/o

A

mouth

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28
Q

palat/o

A

palate

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29
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct

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30
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

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31
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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32
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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33
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

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34
Q

enter/o

A

interstine

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35
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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36
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

37
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

38
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

39
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon

40
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

41
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

42
Q

proct/o

A

rectum

43
Q

an/o

A

anus

44
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

45
Q

bili

A

bile

46
Q

chol/e, chol/o

A

bile, gall

47
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

48
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

49
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

50
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

51
Q

caries

A

tooth decay

52
Q

periodontitis

A

infection of deeper tissues and bony support around tooth

53
Q

appendicitis

A

infection of appendix after obstruction (can lead to peritonitis)

54
Q

peritonitis

A

infection of peritoneal cavity

55
Q

ulcer

A

lesion of skin or mucous membrane (inflammation/tissue damage)

56
Q

peptic ulcer

A

ulcer caused by gastric juices (caused by H. pylori, stress, etc)

57
Q

barium study

A

radiographic contrast to reveal GI issues (including ulcers)

58
Q

leukoplakia

A

white patches on mucous membranes is early sign of canccer

59
Q

most common GI cancer

A

colon, rectum

60
Q

polyps

A

growths that can be removed by endoscopy

61
Q

occult blood

A

blood in small amounts in stool (can indicate colon cancers)

62
Q

Duke’s classification

A

ranges from A to C to classify colorectal cancers

63
Q

types of scopes

A

proctoscope - rectum
sigmoidoscope
colonoscope

64
Q

anastomosis

A

sometimes needed (connect two organs, eg gastroduodenostomy)

65
Q

hiatal hernia

A

stomach moves into chest cavity through hiatal space in diaphragm

66
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

opening between stomach and small intestine is too narrow (opening between stomach and small intestine is too narrow)

projectile vomiting

67
Q

intussesception

A

slipping of intestinal segment into a part below it

68
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of intestine

69
Q

ileus

A

intestinal obstruction caused by lack of peristalsis

70
Q

GERD

A

reflux of gastric juices into esophagus due to weakness at gastroesophageal junction

irritate esophagus (heartburn)

71
Q

barrett syndrome

A

esophagus is replaced with epithelium similar to stomach/intestines b/c of GERD

spasms, scar tissue, cancer

72
Q

IBD

A

crohn disease, ulcerative colitis

young adults/adolescents, hereditary (immunologic response, flora)

73
Q

crohn disease

A

chronic inflammation of intestinal wall (ileum and colon, diarrhea, abscess, fistula)

74
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

inflammation of colon lining (begins in rectum and extends)

75
Q

diverticulitis

A

commonly affects colon

small pouches in intestinal wall that appear with age, diet low in fiber

collection of waste and bacteria lead to inflammation, pain, bleeding

76
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation/death of liver cells

5 forms, viral in industrialized countries
A- fecal/oral, unsanitary conditions
B- blood/bodily fluids
C- blood
D- delta virus, only affects people with B
E- contaminated food/water

77
Q

jaundice

A

symptom of hepatitis, presence of bile pigments in blood

78
Q

icterus

A

another name for jaundice

79
Q

cirrhosis

A

ALCOHOL

chronic liver disease - hepatomegaly, edema, ascites, jaundice

complication is portal hypertension

80
Q

portal hypertension

A

can cause varicose veins and hemorrhage, along with splenomegaly

81
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones

82
Q

cholecyctitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder
- biliary colic or pain in RUQ

(estrogen, pregnancy, obesity)

83
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of gallbladder

84
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

A

technique for visualizing/correcting biliary/pancreatic duct obstructions w/ contrast

85
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of pancreas

86
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in abdominal cabity

87
Q

divurticulosis

A

presence of diverticula

88
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of stomach/intestine

89
Q

stoma

A

surgical opening to body surface between two organs

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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