Chapter 4 Integumentary System Flashcards
Integumentary system
skin and associated structures (glands, hair, nails)
function of integumentary system
protects against
UV radiation
dehydration
injury
infection
temp regulation
touch pressure pain
derma
skin
cutaneous
skin (latin word cutis)
epidermis
outermost layer of skin, made of epithelial cells
keratin
a protein that thickens and toughens the skin
melanin
gives skin color and protects against sun
eponychium
nail
sweat glands
watery fluid, temperature regulations
sebaceous glands
oil- lubricates hair and skin and prevents drying (associated with hair follicle)
dermis
skin between epidermis and subcutaneous
hair follicle
sheath in which hair develops
derm/o, dermat/o
skin
kerat/o
keratin, horny layer of skin
melan/o
dark, black, melanin
hidr/o
sweat, perspiration
seb/o
sebum, sebaceous gland
trich/o
hair
onych/o
nail
sebum
fatty secretion of the sebaceous glands that lubricates the hair and skin
skin
tissue that covers the body; the integument
subcutaneous layer
beneath the skin
also hypodermis
sudoriferous glands
sweat glands
eccrine glands
found all over body, highest in palms and soles
cooling down
apocrine glands
armpits and perineal area, pheromones
bulla
raised, fluid filled lesion
BLISTER
larger than a vesicle
fissure
crack or break in skin
mascule
flat, colored spot
- less than 1 cm in size
nodule
solid, raised lesion
- larger than papule
- systemic disease
papule
firm, circular, raised lesion
- small (less than 1 cm)
- pimple
plaque
superficial, flat, slightly raised differentiated patch more than 1 cm in diameter
pustule
raised pus-filled lesion
many times in pore or hair follicle
ulcer
lesion from destruction of skin/subcu tissue
vesicle
fluid filled raised lesion less than 5mm
- blister/bleb
wheal
smooth, rounded, slightly raised
- itchy
- HIVES
dehiscence
disruption of wound layers
evisceration
internal organs go through lesion
exudate
cells drain from damaged tissue
- clear
- bloody
- pus-containing
cicatrization
sik-ah-trih-ZA-shun
scar
keloid
excess collagen formation during healing
- asian/african
debridement
removal of dead or damaged tissue
- cut
-scrubbing
escharotomy
scab removal of thick, dark crust
dermatome
skin grafting tool
thin sections of skin
superficial burn
only epidermis
- red and dry
- minimal pain
-blanching (whitening then turning back red with pressure)
superficial partial thickness
epidermis and superficial dermis
- red
- painful
-blister
deep partial thickness
epidermis and full dermis
- weeping surface
-dry (sweat gland damage)
- nerve damage
-blood
full thickness
all the way to subcu and deeper
- charred
-loss of limbs
- skin grafting
BSA
body surface area
rule of nines
for burn BSA (body surface area)
- body surfaces measured in percentages in multiples on nines
burn complications
infection
respiratory
shock
pressure ulcers
necrotic skin from pressure on bony projections
- decubitus ulcer
- bedsore
dermatitis
inflammation of skin
- erythema
- pruritis
atopic dermatitis
eczema
- chronic
- often shows up in childhood
-allergens, infections, temp extremes, skin irritants
psoriasis
hyperplasia of epidermis
-large red plaques
- silvery scales
(hereditary/autoimmune)
treat with:
UVB/UVA/laser
immune suppression
topical agents (corticosteroids)
pemphigus
AUTOIMMUNE
-formation of bullae (blisters)
-separation of epidermal and underlying tissue
lupus erythematosus
chronic inflammatory disease
- CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- systemic lupus erythematosus (skin AND organs)
erythematous papules - worse in sun
-face and scalp
BUTTERFLY RASH ON NOSE/CHEEKS
scleroderma
thickening/tightening of skin
collagen overproduction
raynaud’s disease:
- fingers and toes constrict in the cold causing whiteness, pain, numbness
PSS (progressive systemic sclerosis)
- involves internal organs
basal cell carcinoma
most common (75% of cancers)
- exposed to sunlight
- smooth, pearly papule
- doesn’t metastasize
squamous cell carcinoma
painless, firm, red nodule
- scales
- ulceration
- crusting
- likely to not metastasize
melanoma signs
Asymmetry
Borders irregular
Color difference
Diameter >6mm
Evolution (change)/elevation
kaposi sarcoma
kap-o-se
AIDS
distinct brown area on legs
raised and firm
metastasize with weak immune system
dehiscense
splitting/bursting of wound
erythema
redness of skin
escharotomy
removal of scab tissue from burns
eschar
scab/crust
evisceration
protrusion of internal organs (VISCERA) through opening onto skin
hernia through skin
pruritus
pru-RI-tus
severe itching
acne
sebaceous gland and hair follicles associated with excess sebum
actinic
ak-TIN-ic
effects of radiant energy (
albinism
lack of pigment in hair, skin ,eyes
alopecia
absence of hair
beau lines
white lines on fingernails
- systemic disease/injury
bromhidrosis
sweat that has a foul odor because of bacterial decomposition
carbuncle
localized infection of skin/SC tissue, pain and d/c of pus, caused by staphylococcus
comedo
plug of sebum, bacteria, in a hair follicle
blackhead (comedon)
dermatophytosis
fungal infection of skin, especially between toes (athlete’s foot)
profuse sweating
diaphoresis
dyskeratosis
abnormality in keratin formationc
cancers of epithelial tissue
squamous cell/ basal cell
ecchymosis
collection of blood under skin by leaking of small blood vessels
erysipelas
er-ih-SIP-eh-las
acute infectious skin disease with localized redness/swelling/systemic symptoms
erythema nodosum
inflammation of SQ
tender erythematous nodules
immune response to systemic disease/infection/drug
exanthema
cutaneous eruption that accompanies disease
RASH
excoriation
lesion caused by scratching/abrasion
folliculitis
inflammation of a hair follicle
furuncle
painful skin nodule caused by staph that enter hair follicle
BOIL
hemangioma
benign tumor of blood vessels
- birth mark/port wine stains
herpes simplex
acute infections by herpes
vesicles (cold sore)
hirsutism
hir-SUT-izm
excessive growth of hair
ichthyosis
dry scaly inflammation of skin (from root of ichthy/o = fish)
impetigo
im-peh-TI-go
bacterial pustules that rupture and form crusts
keratosis
skin condition marked by thickened/horny growth
lichenification
thickened marks caused by chronic rubbing
mycosis fungoides
rare malignancy that starts in skin and invades internal organs
large painful ulcerating tumors
nevus
defined discoloration of skin
tumor, mole, birthmark
paronychia
infection around a nail
pediculosis
infestation of lice
petechiae
pe-TE-ke-e
flat, pinpoint, purplish red spots caused by bleeding within skin/mucous membrane
photosensitization
sensitization of skin to light (substance induced)
purpura
hemorrhages into skin
rosacea
redness of skin, pustules, overactivity of sebaceous glands on face
scabies
skin infection by mite
senile lentigines
brown macules appear on sun-exposed skin in adults (liver spots)
shingles
acute eruption of vesicles along path of nerve
tinea
fungal skin infection
RINGWORM
tinea versicolor
superficial chronic fungal infection that causes varied skin pigmentation
urticaria
wheals - hives
venous stasis ulcer
ulcer caused from venous insufficiency and stasis of blood
verruca
small benign epithelial tumor caused by HPV
- WART
vitiligo
patchy disappearance of pigment in skin
xeroderma pigmentosim
fatal hereditary disease
-begins in childhood: discolorations of skin
-ulcers
-atrophy of muscle
-photosensitivity
-more susceptible to cancer
aloe
gel from leaves of plant to treat burns and skin irritations
antipruritic
agent that prevents itching
cautery
destruction of tissue
dermabrasion
plastic surgery to remove scars or birthmarks by chemical/physical breakdown of epidermis
dermatoplasty
skin grafting
diascopy
examination of skin lesions by pressing glass plate against skin
fulguration
destruction of tissue with high frequency sparks
skin turgor
resistance of skin to deformation- skin returns to original form when pinched
- elasticity
- hydration
wood lamp
UV light used to diagnose fungal infections
DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus
FTSG
full thickness skin graft
LE
lupus erythematosus
PSS
progressive systemic sclerosis
PUVA
psoralen ultraviolet A
SCLE
subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
SPF
sun protection factor
STSG
split-thickness skin graft
VAC
vacuum-assisted closure
