Chapter 15: Male Reproductive System Flashcards
gametes
sex cells
genitourinary tract
male urethra, where urine and sperm flows out
sperm cells are called
spermatozoa (spermatozoon)
where are spermatozoa produced
testes (in scrotum)
how do testes develop
in abdomen, descend through inguinal canal into scrotum
where is sperm created in testes
seminiferous tubules
what do sperm cells need to develop
Sertoli cells and androgens
androgens
male sex cells
interstitial cells
where androgens are produced
how are gonads stimulated
FSH, LH (follicle stimulating, lutenizing) from anterior pituitary
FSH in males
stimulates Sertoli cells to produce spermatozoa
LH in males
stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone
transport of spermatozoa
made in seminiferous tubules, stored in epididymis until ejaculation (propels into ductus deferens, ascends to inguinal canal and into adnominal cavity, around bladder and into ejaculatory duct, where it goes into urethra and through prostate gland
coitus
sexual intercourse
corpora cavernosa
spongy tissue that fills with blood to form erection
enlarges at tip to form glans penis, covered by prepuce (foreskin)
prepuce
foreskin
glans penis
tip of peen
semen, along with spermatozoa, contains
alkaline mixture (protect spermatozoa from acidic vagina) from seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
seminal vesicles
above prostate, by ureter, secretes into semen
prostate
secretes into semen, anterior to rectum, inferior to bladder
bulbourethral gland
cowper glands below prostate
spermatic cord
attached to testis; ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves all within fibrous sheet
test/o
testis, testicle
orchi/o, orchid/o
testis
osche/o
scrotum
semin
semen
sperm/i, spermat/o
semen, spermatozoa
epididym/o
epididymis
vas/o
vas deferens, ductus deferens, vessel
vesicul/o
seminal vessicle
prostat/o
prostate
most common infections of male urinary tract
STIs
most common STI
chlamydia
gonorrhea
caused by gonococcus, urethritis, purulent exudate
mumps
non-STI but can cause sterility in men
how does HIV work
attacks T cells of immune system which weakens the host and leads to other diseases
benign prostatic hyperplasia
prostate normally enlarges with age (diagnosed with digital exam/imaging)
can put pressure on urethra
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate (sometimes needed for BPH)
prostate cancer
most common malignancy in men
DRE for diagnosis
higher levels of prostate-specific antigen
surgery, radiation, inhibition of androgens, chemo
grading of prostate cancer
t1 not palpable by DRE, only by biopsy/PSA
t2: palpable
t3: locally spread
M: distant mets
testicular cancer
rare
from germ cells in testes, can spread to abdominal lymph nodes
cryptorchidism
one or both testes fail to descend into scrotum (crypto = hidden, orchid/o = testes)
OK if descend in first year, if not, surgical fix to avoid cancer/sterility
ED
erectile dysfunction
caused by: atherosclerosis, vascular disorder, varicose veins
meds dilate arteries to penis to aid with erection
inguinal hernia
abdominal organ enters inguinal canal (can extend into scrotum)
indirect=not in scrotum
direct=in scrotum
strangulated hernia
if blood supply is cut off (necrosis)
herniorrhaphy
Surgery to correct a hernia
