Chapter 5 Skeletal System Flashcards
axis of skeleton
skull and vertebrae
cervical vertebrae
c1-c7 (first=atlas, second-axis)
thorax
12 pairs of ribs joined at sternum
thoracic vertebrae
t1-t12
lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5
coccyx
four to five fused bones
sternum
breastbone
appendicular skeleton
appended to axial
-shoulder
-upper extremities
lower division
pelvic bones
legs
pelvis
joins the sacrum and coccyx
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
os coxae
pelvic/hip bone
acetabulum
deep socket in hip
cranium
houses brain, ear, and eye sockets
hand bones
carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
foot bones
tarsals, meta tarsals, phalanges
osteoblasts
cells that produce bone
cartilage
dense connective tissue, bone formed when calcium and phosphorous is added to it
ossification
bone forming, begins before birth and continues into adulthood
collagen
fibrous protein, give bone strength and resilience
is bone living?
YES!!!! it is constantly being replaced and remodeled
osteocytes
mature bone cells that help to maintain bone tissue
osteoclasts
breakdown of bone to release minerals or reshape/repair
resorption
destroying bone so that components are taken into circulation
normal if in balance with bone formation
abnormal resorption?
if greater or less than that of bone growth
long bone structure
diaphysis - compact bone
medulla - cavity with bone marrow
epiphysis - spongy bone at end where blood is formed
diaphysis
portion of compact bone
medulla
cavity within bone with bone marrow (fatty)
epiphysis
spongy bone at ends, produces BLOOD
periosteum
thin layer of fibrous tissue that covers outer layer of bone
nourishes and protects the bone
generates new bone cells for growth/repair
metaphysis
growth region (epiphyseal plate)
calcifies after growth is final
epiphyseal plate
growth region (metaphysis
flat bones
cranial, ribs, scapulae
short bones
carpal/tarsal
irregular
facial, vertebrae
joints
articulations
suture
immovable joint (think skull)
symphysis
slightly movable (vertebrae, pubis)
synovial
diarthrosis
freely movable
tendon
attaches muscles to bones to produce movement at joints
diarthrosis
freely movable joint
synovial fluid
cavity of diarthrotic/synovial joint
cushions and lubricates
produced by synovial membrane
ligaments
stabilize synovial/diarthrotic joints
connect articulating bones
bursa
small sac of synovial fluid
cushions area around joint
found at stress points between tendons, ligaments, and bones
acetabulum
bony socket in hip that holds femur
articulation
joint
atlas
first vertebrae of cervix
axis
second vertebrae of cervix
bone marrow
soft material that fills bone cavities
yellow marrow fills medulla of long bone
red marrow forms blood in spongy
ilium
large flared superior part of pelvic bone
skeleton
206 b ones
axial skeleton
80 bones
skull, spine, ribs, sternum
appendicular skeleton
126 bones
arms, legs, shoulder, pelvis
tendon
attaches muscle to bone
thorax
upper trunk
12 ribs and sternum
oste/o
bone
myel/o
bone marrow
spinal cord
chondr/o
cartilage
arthr/o
joint
synov/i
synovial/diarthrotic joint
membrane
burs/o
bursa
crani/o
skull, cranium
spondyl/o
vertebrae