Chapter 6 Muscular System Flashcards
main types of muscle
smooth
cardiac
skeletal
smooth muscle
walls of hollow organs, walls of ducts (vessels, bronchioles)
peristalsis (wave-like motion to propel)
cardiac muscle
heart wall pumping
skeletal muscle
bone attachment, voluntary movement
posture, body heat
fascicles
bundle of cells in skeletal muscle
fascia
connective tissue covering whole muscle
tendons
arise from fascia and fascicles
NMJ
neuromuscular junction
synapse where branch of neuron meets muscle cell
ACh
acetylcholine - released from vesicles in axon of neuron and interacts with muscle cell to contract
protein filaments
actin and myosin
interact to produce contraction
calcium and ATP are needed for interaction
tonus
when muscles are kept in a partially contracted state
POSTURE
agonist
a muscle that produces a movement
prime mover
the main muscle in a group that produces the movement
antagonist
when agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes (and MUST relax) - (quads vs hammies)
synergist
a muscle that assists the prime mover
origin
where the muscle is inserted into a STABLE part of the skeleton
insertion
where a muscle is attached to a MOVING part of skeleton
flexion
closing angle at a joint
extension
opening angle at joint
abduction
away from midline
adduction
toward midline
rotation
turning of body part on its axis (head shake)
circumduction
circular movement from a center point (hip movement)
pronation
turn downward (hand)
supination
turn upward (hand)
eversion
turn outward (foot)