Chapter 6 Muscular System Flashcards
main types of muscle
smooth
cardiac
skeletal
smooth muscle
walls of hollow organs, walls of ducts (vessels, bronchioles)
peristalsis (wave-like motion to propel)
cardiac muscle
heart wall pumping
skeletal muscle
bone attachment, voluntary movement
posture, body heat
fascicles
bundle of cells in skeletal muscle
fascia
connective tissue covering whole muscle
tendons
arise from fascia and fascicles
NMJ
neuromuscular junction
synapse where branch of neuron meets muscle cell
ACh
acetylcholine - released from vesicles in axon of neuron and interacts with muscle cell to contract
protein filaments
actin and myosin
interact to produce contraction
calcium and ATP are needed for interaction
tonus
when muscles are kept in a partially contracted state
POSTURE
agonist
a muscle that produces a movement
prime mover
the main muscle in a group that produces the movement
antagonist
when agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes (and MUST relax) - (quads vs hammies)
synergist
a muscle that assists the prime mover
origin
where the muscle is inserted into a STABLE part of the skeleton
insertion
where a muscle is attached to a MOVING part of skeleton
flexion
closing angle at a joint
extension
opening angle at joint
abduction
away from midline
adduction
toward midline
rotation
turning of body part on its axis (head shake)
circumduction
circular movement from a center point (hip movement)
pronation
turn downward (hand)
supination
turn upward (hand)
eversion
turn outward (foot)
inversion
turn inward (foot)
dorsiflexion
bend backward (point toes up)
plantar flexion
bend sole of foot (point toes down)
my/o
muscle
muscul/o
muscle
in/o
fiber
fasci/o
fascia
ten/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendin
ton/o
tone
erg/o
work
kin/o
movement
kine
movement
kinesi/o
movement
kinet/o
movement
EMG
electromyography
electrical studies of muscles in action
CK
creatine kinase
enzyme assay released when muscles are damaged
muscular dystrophy
group of hereditary diseases involving progressive non-inflammatory muscular degeneration
polymyositis
inflammation of skeletal muscle leading to weakness
- dysphagia (trouble swallowing)
dermatomyosis
when skin is involved in polymyositis
FMS
fibromyalgia syndrome
aches, tenderness, stiffness, fatigue, sleep issues
NO KNOWN CAUSE/NO NEURO
CFS
chronic fatigue syndrome
fatigue of no known cause - memory issues, sore throat, lymph node issues, aches and pains, sleep issues, immune disorder
after mono/herpes
MG
myasthenia gravis
autoimmune disease by loss of ACh receptors (muscles can’t contract without these)
ptosis (drooping eyelids)
loss of muscle power
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
amyotrophy
RSI
repetitive strain injury
(sprain, strain, tenosynovitis/tendinitis)
sprain
injury to ligament caused by abnormal/excessive force at a joint, NO dislocation or fracture
strain
inflammation or tearing of ligaments and tendons or muscle detachment from tendon or tendon from bone
tenosynovitis
tendinitis
inflammation of tendon, tendon sheath, and synovial membrane at a joint
RTC
rotator cuff
SITS muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis)
OVERHEAD
epicondylitis
golfer’s tennis elbow
medial and later epicondyles of distal humerus- tendons that insert here for fingers and forearm squeezing inflamed
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
tendons of finger flexor muscles and nerves of hands/fingers (pressure on median nerve = numbness)t
trigger finger
locking of finger when moved by swelling of flexor tendon sheath at metacarpophalangeal joint
hamstring strain
runners who start and stop quickly
shin splint
anterior tibial region from running on hard surfaces or overuse of foot flexors
Achilles tendinitis
prevents or almost prevents walking/running
ROM
range of motion
RICE
rest ice compression elevation
myopathy
disease of muscle tissue
duchenne muscular dystrophy
common and severe form
