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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

main types of muscle

A

smooth
cardiac
skeletal

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2
Q

smooth muscle

A

walls of hollow organs, walls of ducts (vessels, bronchioles)

peristalsis (wave-like motion to propel)

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3
Q

cardiac muscle

A

heart wall pumping

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4
Q

skeletal muscle

A

bone attachment, voluntary movement

posture, body heat

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5
Q

fascicles

A

bundle of cells in skeletal muscle

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6
Q

fascia

A

connective tissue covering whole muscle

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7
Q

tendons

A

arise from fascia and fascicles

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8
Q

NMJ

A

neuromuscular junction

synapse where branch of neuron meets muscle cell

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9
Q

ACh

A

acetylcholine - released from vesicles in axon of neuron and interacts with muscle cell to contract

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10
Q

protein filaments

A

actin and myosin

interact to produce contraction

calcium and ATP are needed for interaction

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11
Q

tonus

A

when muscles are kept in a partially contracted state

POSTURE

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12
Q

agonist

A

a muscle that produces a movement

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13
Q

prime mover

A

the main muscle in a group that produces the movement

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14
Q

antagonist

A

when agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes (and MUST relax) - (quads vs hammies)

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15
Q

synergist

A

a muscle that assists the prime mover

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16
Q

origin

A

where the muscle is inserted into a STABLE part of the skeleton

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17
Q

insertion

A

where a muscle is attached to a MOVING part of skeleton

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18
Q

flexion

A

closing angle at a joint

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19
Q

extension

A

opening angle at joint

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20
Q

abduction

A

away from midline

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21
Q

adduction

A

toward midline

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22
Q

rotation

A

turning of body part on its axis (head shake)

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23
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement from a center point (hip movement)

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24
Q

pronation

A

turn downward (hand)

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25
Q

supination

A

turn upward (hand)

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26
Q

eversion

A

turn outward (foot)

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27
Q

inversion

A

turn inward (foot)

28
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bend backward (point toes up)

29
Q

plantar flexion

A

bend sole of foot (point toes down)

30
Q

my/o

A

muscle

31
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

32
Q

in/o

A

fiber

33
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

34
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

35
Q

tendin/o

A

tendin

36
Q

ton/o

A

tone

37
Q

erg/o

A

work

38
Q

kin/o

A

movement

39
Q

kine

A

movement

40
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

41
Q

kinet/o

A

movement

42
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

electrical studies of muscles in action

43
Q

CK

A

creatine kinase

enzyme assay released when muscles are damaged

44
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of hereditary diseases involving progressive non-inflammatory muscular degeneration

45
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation of skeletal muscle leading to weakness
- dysphagia (trouble swallowing)

46
Q

dermatomyosis

A

when skin is involved in polymyositis

47
Q

FMS

A

fibromyalgia syndrome

aches, tenderness, stiffness, fatigue, sleep issues

NO KNOWN CAUSE/NO NEURO

48
Q

CFS

A

chronic fatigue syndrome

fatigue of no known cause - memory issues, sore throat, lymph node issues, aches and pains, sleep issues, immune disorder

after mono/herpes

49
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

autoimmune disease by loss of ACh receptors (muscles can’t contract without these)

ptosis (drooping eyelids)

loss of muscle power

50
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

amyotrophy

51
Q

RSI

A

repetitive strain injury
(sprain, strain, tenosynovitis/tendinitis)

52
Q

sprain

A

injury to ligament caused by abnormal/excessive force at a joint, NO dislocation or fracture

53
Q

strain

A

inflammation or tearing of ligaments and tendons or muscle detachment from tendon or tendon from bone

54
Q

tenosynovitis

A

tendinitis

inflammation of tendon, tendon sheath, and synovial membrane at a joint

55
Q

RTC

A

rotator cuff

SITS muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis)

OVERHEAD

56
Q

epicondylitis

A

golfer’s tennis elbow

medial and later epicondyles of distal humerus- tendons that insert here for fingers and forearm squeezing inflamed

57
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

tendons of finger flexor muscles and nerves of hands/fingers (pressure on median nerve = numbness)t

58
Q

trigger finger

A

locking of finger when moved by swelling of flexor tendon sheath at metacarpophalangeal joint

59
Q

hamstring strain

A

runners who start and stop quickly

60
Q

shin splint

A

anterior tibial region from running on hard surfaces or overuse of foot flexors

61
Q

Achilles tendinitis

A

prevents or almost prevents walking/running

62
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

63
Q

RICE

A

rest ice compression elevation

64
Q

myopathy

A

disease of muscle tissue

65
Q

duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

common and severe form

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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