Chapter 7 Nervous System and Mental Health Flashcards
Two parts of the nervous system
central and peripheral
CNS
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
PNS
peripheral nervous system
all nervous tissue outside brain and spinal cord
Two divisions of the nervous system
somatic and sutonomic
somatic nervous system
controls skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system
also called visceral nervous system
controls smooth and cardiac muscles and GLANDS
responds to stress, maintains homeostasis
neurons
nerve cells that conduct
neuroglia
support and protect nervous tissue
dendrite
carries impulses TO cell bodyax
axon
carries impulses AWAY from cell body
myelin
white fatty material that protects axons and speeds signals
white matter
myelinated axons
gray matter
unmyelinated nervous tissue
nodes
spaces between myelin sheaths
afferent neuron
also called sensory
transmits impulses TOWARD CNS
efferent neuron
also called motor neuron
impulses transmitted AWAY from CNS
Interneuron
connecting cell in CNS
synapse
contact point between two neurons
communicate by:
- neurotransmitter
- electric current
nerve
neuron fiber bundle of PNS
ganglion
collection of cell bodies along the pathway of the nerve
do nerves contain only afferent or efferent nerves?
DEPENDS!! some are specifically motor or sensory nerves but most are mixed
major parts of brain
cerebrum
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum
largest part of brain
cerebrum
cerebrum
largest part of brain
made of white matter with thin outer layer of gray called cerebral cortex
- memory
- reasoning
- abstract thought
cerebral cortex
outer edge of cerebrum
made of gray matter
sulci
grooves
gyri
raised parts
longitudinal fissure
divides brain into two parts
diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
receives sensory info and directs to proper area of cortex
hypothalamus
contains pituitary gland
links endocrine and nervous systems
brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
midbrain
reflex centers for vision and hearing
pons
bulge on anterior surface of brainstem
connects brain’s different regions
medulla oblongata
connects brain to spinal cord; all signals pass through here
HR, Respiration, blood pressure
cerebellum
voluntary movements, posture, coordination, balance
how many ventricles are there
four
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
cushions brain and spinal cord
meninges
protective layers around CNS
dura
arachnoid
pia (inner)
how many cranial nerves are there
12
CN I
olfactory (smell)
CN II
optic (eye)
CN III
oculomotor (eye muscles/pupil)
CN IV
trochlear
CN V
trigeminal (eye upper jaw and lower jaw to brain; chewing control)
CN VI
abducens (eyeball movement)
CN VII
facial (facial expression, taste, tear/saliva)
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear (hearing and equilibrium)
CN IX
glossopharyngeal (tongue and pharynx, swallowing)
CN X
vagus (thoracic and abdominal nerves, motor neurons to larynx and pharynx)
CN XI
Accessory (neck and larynx)
CN XII
hypoglossal (muscles of tongue
how many spinal nerves
31