Chapter 8 part 2 Flashcards
intelligence
what is intelligence?
general capacity to benefit from experience, to acquire knowledge, and adapt to changes in the environment
intelligence is a _________________________
hypothetical construct that is defined by test used to measure it and the culture in which it exists
how do psychologists measure intelligence?
by how well you demonstrate it
who was Dr. Alfred Binet and what did he do?
he was a french psychologist who invented the first intelligence test?
why did Binet invent the first intelligence test?
the french government wanted something to identify children that were not able to learn as readily as others so they could get special education (the children were tested before they entered school)
how did Binet develop the tests?
he developed a series of questions that got progressively more difficult. he tested the child’s mental age and compared it to the child’s chronological age
how is the intelligence quotient (IQ) calculated?
mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100
(MA/CA) * 100
what is the Stanford-Binet IQ test?
when Binet’s test came to America, it was revised to American children’s knowledge, but it had a lot of issues when used on adults
what are the Wechsler tests?
different IQ tests specifically for adults and children
what sections do the Wechsler tests have?
verbal, performance (nonverbal) and an IQ
the Wechsler tests are constructed so most people score ____
100
many behaviors follow a ______________
normal distribution
68 percent of people have an IQ between __________
85 and 115
95 percent of people have an IQ between _________
70 and 130
the IQ score distribution is a __________
normal distribution
when is someone developmentally delayed?
when their IQ is below 70
what is developmentally delayed?
behavioral and cognitive skills are at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same age
when is someone gifted?
when their IQ is above 130
what is gifted?
behavioral and cognitive skills that are more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (above 130 IQ)
can you have a developmental delay at any point in life?
yes, but you can also catch up
do researchers agree on a definition of intelligence?
no
what did Spearman think intelligence was comprised of?
G factor and S factor
what is G factor?
general intelligence: ability to problem solve
what is S factor?
specific intelligence: special gift in a particular area
what did Gardner believe about intelligence?
believed there were 9 types of intelligence
