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General Psychology > Chapter 3 part 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 part 3 Flashcards

socioemotional development in children

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1
Q

what is infant attachment?

A

the emotional bond between an infant and its caregiver (usually mother) that is different than the bond between it and anyone else

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2
Q

when were the strange situation experiments done?

A

in the 1960s

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3
Q

what where the observational conditions for the strange situation experiments?

A

1) mother and child playing together
2) stranger enters
3) mother leaves the room
4) mother returns and the stranger leaves

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4
Q

who did the strange situation experiments?

A

Mary Ainsworth

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5
Q

which condition did Mary Ainsworth think was the most important and told us the most about attachment?

A

4) when the mother returns and the stranger leaves

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6
Q

what is a secure attachment style?

A

the healthy attachment style

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7
Q

what is an anxious-ambivalent attachment style mean?

A

the infant has underlying anxiety

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8
Q

what does an avoidant attachment style mean?

A

the infant gives no visible reaction

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9
Q

which attachment style was added later?

A

disorganized-disoriented

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10
Q

what attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth come up with from the conclusions of her experiment?

A

secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant

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11
Q

what happens during the observational conditions for an infant with a secure attachment style?

A

1) child plays with mom and wanders to explore, feels safe and not crying
2) goes to mom
3) cries after mom leaves
4) wants picked up and calms down when picked up

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12
Q

what happens during the observational conditions for an infant with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style?

A

1) doesn’t want put down and crying
2) visibly upset
3) inconsolable
4) wants picked up but doesn’t calm down when picked up, almost like they’re angry mom left

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13
Q

what happens during the observational conditions for an infant with an avoidant attachment style?

A

1) playing independently without mom
2) continue what they were doing (heart and respiratory rate up)
3) no reaction (heart and respiratory rate are very high)
4) no reaction (heart rate is still up)

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14
Q

what happened when the infants that were raised in orphanages that took care of only their basic needs grew up?

A

they could not regulate their emotions

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15
Q

what was the theory about attachment before the wire mother experiments?

A

the attachment between the mother and the infant was because of food

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16
Q

what did the wire mother experiment show

A

the monkeys clung to the cloth mother more because of something about the warmth and softness compared to the wire mother, contact comfort

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17
Q

what is contact comfort?

A

contact between infants and caregivers is critical for normal social and emotional development

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18
Q

what happens when a baby does not receive contact while in the NICU?

A

it most likely will not thrive

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19
Q

in Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, what does each stage represent?

A

a developmental task that the person must master at a particular place in the life span

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20
Q

what happens if you do not master the task?

A

you have a weakness and it is a constant issue for the rest of your life

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21
Q

what happens if you do master the task?

A

you gain personal competence and mastered that stage

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22
Q

what is the first stage and when does it occur?

A

trust v. mistrust, from birth to 1.5 years

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23
Q

what is the task for the first stage?

A

helpless infants depend on others for fulfillment of physical and emotional needs

24
Q

what happens if you succeed at the first stage?

A

your emotional and physical needs were met, and you sense that the world is predictable and friendly and learn to trust others

25
Q

what happens if you fail at the first stage?

A

your physical and emotional needs were not met. you sense that the world is unpredictable and hostile. you find it hard to trust people for the rest of your life

26
Q

what is the second stage and when does it occur?

A

autonomy v. shame/guilt, from 1.5 to 3 years

27
Q

what is the task for the second stage?

A

children begin to exert independence and self-control, basically finding out you can do things without your parents

28
Q

what leads to success in the second stage?

A

having control of your own person a lot of the time

29
Q

what leads to failure in the second stage?

A

not having control of your own person most of the time

30
Q

what happens when you succeed at the second stage?

A

develop independence and confidence

31
Q

what happens when you fail at the second stage?

A

develop feelings of shame, low self-efficacy, reliance on others remains

32
Q

what is the third stage and when does it occur?

A

initiative v. guilt, from 3 to 5 or 6 years

33
Q

what is the task for the third stage?

A

children begin to forge their own interests, friendships, and take on responsibilities

34
Q

what leads to success in the third stage?

A

children are given the opportunity to do things own their own, make their own choices, and have some responsibilities

35
Q

what leads to failure in the third stage?

A

not allowed to do things or decide to do things and no responsibilities

36
Q

what happens when you succeed at the third stage?

A

develop initiative and willingness to help and contribute

37
Q

what happens when you fail at the third stage?

A

develop feelings of anxiety, guilt and lack initiative

38
Q

what is the fourth stage and when does it occur?

A

industry v. inferiority, from 6 to puberty

39
Q

what is the task for the fourth stage?

A

children begin to develop academically, creatively, and intellectually – learn, work, achieve

40
Q

what leads to success in the fourth stage?

A

learning things and working at them and doing them well

41
Q

what leads to failure in the fourth stage?

A

not doing these things well

42
Q

what happens when you succeed at the fourth stage?

A

develop work ethic and learn to enjoy learning

43
Q

what happens when you fail at the fourth stage?

A

develop feelings of inferiority, incompetence, and unproductivity

44
Q

what are the four parenting styles?

A

authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, permissive

45
Q

what is authoritarian parenting?

A

strict parenting: no warmth and a lot of rules

46
Q

what is authoritarian parenting?

A

gentle parenting: warmth and a set of rules

47
Q

what is neglectful parenting?

A

not around: no warmth and no rules

48
Q

what is permissive parenting?

A

no limits: warmth and no rules

49
Q

what is the most important thing to an authoritarian parent?

A

that the children obey them

50
Q

what is the outcome of the children of authoritarian parents?

A

lack social skills (not great in social situations like school), poor initiative, social comparisons

51
Q

what are social comparisons and what do the effect?

A

comparing yourself to others and determining your self-worth based on these comparisons. they lower your self esteem

52
Q

what is the outcome for children with authoritative parents?

A

socially competent, self-reliant, socially responsible (usually see commitments through)

53
Q

what is the outcome for children with neglectful parents?

A

less socially competent, show poor self-control (will interrupt you when talking because they were never taught not to)

54
Q

what is the outcome for children with permissive parents?

A

low social competence, lack of respect (especially for authority), entitlement, low self-control (will interrupt you when talking because they think the rules don’t apply to them)

55
Q

what is low / less social competence?

A

do poorly in social situations like at school or work

General Psychology (21 decks)

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