Chapter 10 part 2

Question 1

when we are stressed, what brain do we use?

Answer 1

our emotional brain

Question 2

what are the responses to stress?

Answer 2

physical problems, emotional problems, cognitive problems

Question 3

general adaptation system

Answer 3

Hans Selye’s description of what happens when you make strong demands on the body

Question 3

what are the three stages of general adaptation system?

Answer 3

1) alarm
2) resistance
3) exhaustion

Question 4

who goes through the three stages of general adaptation system?

Answer 4

everyone when under stress

Question 5

what does the alarm stage do?

Answer 5

activates the sympathetic nervous system and spends a lot of energy getting ready to fight or flee

Question 6

when is the resistance stage activated?

Answer 6

when stress acts on someone for a long period of time

Question 7

what does the resistance stage do?

Answer 7

tries to maintain fight or flight by shutting down other systems in the body (digestion, ovulation, immune system)

Question 8

what are you more likely to do when you are in the resistance stage?

Answer 8

get sick from things the body should be able to fight off because your immune system is shutting down

Question 9

what happens when we reach the exhaustion stage?

Answer 9

we can’t keep going because our energy is being used to keep fight or flight activated

Question 10

what animal makes a good model for studying stress?

Answer 10

baboons because they naturally torture each other and stress each other out, much like western culture

Question 11

what predicts poor health outcomes in these animals?

Answer 11

rank in their society (lower rank = higher stress)

Question 12

what physical problems develop in the baboons?

Answer 12

increased heart rate, high blood pressure, weakened immune system

Question 13

what other problems develop in rhesus monkeys that are under stress?

Answer 13

they develop heart disease and gain weight (mostly around midsection)

Question 14

do these same effects occur in people?

Answer 14

yes, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease

Question 15

how do we know that it is stress causing these effects and note lack of health insurance, poor diet, etc.?

Answer 15

the white hall study

Question 16

what characteristics are associated with type A personalities?

Answer 16

workaholics, very ambitious, competitive, easily annoyed, likes things done a particular way, inflexible

Question 17

is type A more or less likely to have a high level of stress?

Answer 17

more likely

Question 18

what characteristics are associated with type B personalities?

Answer 18

easygoing, slow to anger, sloppy, disorganized

Question 19

is type B more or less likely to have a high level of stress

Answer 19

less likely (they most likely have low levels)

Question 20

what are type A personalities much more likely to have than type B?

Answer 20

coronary diseases (high blood pressure, heart attack)

Question 21

what characteristics are associated with type C personalities

Answer 21

internalize feelings, want everyone to get along, avoid conflict

Question 22

what disease is type C strongly associated with?

Answer 22

cancer

Question 23

what happens when a type C experiences conflict?

Answer 23

they become highly stressed

Question 24

why may type C be strongly associated with cancer?

Answer 24

because their immune system is suppressed from internalizing their feelings

Question 25

what are the characteristics of hardy personalities?

Answer 25

tend to thrive on stress, have a deep sense of commitment to goals, feel in control of their lives, see things as challenges

Question 26

what is different in hardy personalities compared to the other three?

Answer 26

things aren’t overwhelming or stressful for them, and they don’t feel stress and anxiety negatively like the other three do

Question 27

what is cognitive appraisal?

Answer 27

an individual’s interpretation of an event as either harmful, threatening or challenging, and the person’s evaluation of whether he/she has the resources to deal with the event

Question 28

how do psychologists use cognitive appraisal?

Answer 28

they want to change people’s way of thinking about the event as being stressful to it being a challenge

Question 29

what is the cognitive appraisal model?

Answer 29

primary appraisal, secondary appraisal

Question 30

what is the primary appraisal?

Answer 30

estimating the severity of the stressor and classifying it as a threat, a challenge, or a loss

Question 31

what is the secondary appraisal?

Answer 31

what are my resources

Question 32

what does the secondary appraisal consist of?

Answer 32

coping mechanisms

Question 33

what do people who are anxious overestimate?

Answer 33

the stressor in the primary appraisal (make mountains out of mole hills)

Question 34

what is coping?

Answer 34

a kind of problem-solving that involves managing stressful circumstances, expending effort to solve life’s difficulties, and seeking to reduce stress

Question 35

what are the types of coping strategies?

Answer 35

problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping

Question 36

what is problem-focused coping?

Answer 36

cognitive strategy of squarely facing one’s troubles and trying to solve them

Question 37

what is another way to remember problem-focused coping?

Answer 37

looking outward at the problem and looking to solve it because afterward you will be less stressed

Question 38

what is emotion-focused coping?

Answer 38

trying to manage one’s emotional reaction to a stressor; rather than focusing on the root problem

Question 39

what is another way to remember emotion-focused coping?

Answer 39

looking inward and trying to manage stress by escaping to lower stress, in turn doing nothing to solve to problem

Question 40

what is the best coping strategy to lower stress you are having because of an upcoming test?

Answer 40

problem-focused coping, because you will focus on studying for the test, solving the problem of you being stressed about the test

Question 41

what is the best coping strategy for dealing with the loss of a loved one?

Answer 41

emotion-focused coping, because you cannot solve the problem of them being gone, you can only try to make yourself feel better about it in the moment