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General Psychology > Chapter 10 part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 part 1 Flashcards

positive life change and sources of stress

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1
Q

what is health psychology?

A

a subfield of psychology that focuses on maintaining health and preventing / treating illness

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2
Q

what is the biopsychological model of health?

A

the integration of biological, psychological, and social factors in dealing with health related behavior

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3
Q

what is the basic definition of the biopsychological model of health?

A

the biological, psychological, and social factors that affect health behavior (ex: what biological, psychological, and social factors affect drug use?)

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4
Q

what are health behaviors?

A

practices that have an impact on physical well being

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5
Q

what does health behavior focus on?

A

physical health

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6
Q

how do we get people to do more healthy behaviors and stop doing unhealthy behaviors?

A

using the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior

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7
Q

which theory came first?

A

Theory of Reasoned Action

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8
Q

how many factors were required to change behavior in the Theory of Reasoned Action?

A

3

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9
Q

What factors were required to change behavior in the Theory of Reasoned Action?

A

specific intentions, positive attitudes, and approval of social group

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10
Q

what are specific intentions?

A

a promise to yourself to change a behavior (ex: new years resolutions)

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11
Q

what is a positive attitude?

A

you have to think positively about the change and feel good about the change

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12
Q

what is the approval of your social group?

A

the people you are close to you support you and the change you are making

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13
Q

what is the factor that is often missing from the either theory when people do not succeed?

A

support from their social group

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14
Q

what happens when you don’t have support from your social group?

A

it makes it harder to change the behavior

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15
Q

how many factors are required to change behavior in the Theory of Planned Behavior?

A

4

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16
Q

what factors are required to change behavior in the Theory of Planned Behavior?

A

specific intentions, positive attitudes, support from social group, and perception of control

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17
Q

what is perception of control?

A

feeling like you have the power to change your behavior

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18
Q

what happens when we don’t have perception of control?

A

we go back to our original behavior

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19
Q

what is the specific process of behavioral change?

A

stages of change model

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20
Q

what is the stages of change model

A

5 step process by which people give up bad habits and adopt healthier lifestyles

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21
Q

what are the steps in the stages of change model?

A

step 1: precontemplation
step 2: contemplation
step 3: preparation / determination
step 4: action / willpower
step 5: maintenance

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22
Q

what is the first step in the stages of change model and what is it?

A

precontemplation: you are not acknowledging you have a problem and are not ready to change

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23
Q

what is the second step in the stages of change model and what is it?

A

contemplation: you are acknowledging you have a problem and are ready to change

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24
Q

what is the third step in the stages of change model and what is it?

A

preparation / determination: where the real change begins and you are planning to take action

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25
Q

what is the fourth step in the stages of change model and what is it?

A

action / willpower: you are acting on the plan you created and you have to exert willpower to reject the bad behavior

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26
Q

what is the fifth step in the stages of change model and what is it?

A

maintenance: you have gotten rid of the bad behavior and it gets easier and easier to maintain success (still occasionally have to exert willpower)

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27
Q

what is a relapse?

A

a return to former unhealthy behavior patterns

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28
Q

when does relapse happen most often?

A

during step 4 of the stages of change model because going back to the old behavior is easier than exerting the willpower (and it feels good)

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29
Q

what are resources for positive change?

A

motivation, social relationships, religious faith, and personality characteristics

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30
Q

religious faith

A

people with a religious faith do more healthy behaviors than people who don’t

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31
Q

personality characteristics

A

people with certain personality characteristics do more healthy behaviors

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32
Q

motivation

A

having a reason to change helps you to make the change

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33
Q

social relationships

A

big factor in ability to change

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34
Q

social relationships are…

A

the most important variable in predicting health

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35
Q

social support

A

feedback from others that one is loved, cared for, valued, and included in a network of communication

36
Q

how does having social support better a person’s mental health?

A

having people that care for you lessens your stress because they can help you carry your burdens

37
Q

what are the benefits of social support?

A

tangible assistance, information, and emotional support and social sharing

38
Q

tangible assistance

A

people who are doing tangible things for you that helps you out (ex: having someone drive me to the airport or caring for me after a surgery)

39
Q

information

A

people who help you figure out how to solve a problem (ex: calling someone for information and they don’t know, but can give you contact information for someone who does)

40
Q

emotional support

A

allows you to vent and talk about problems with people who sympathize; they can’t actually help you but they can make you feel better now

41
Q

social sharing

A

everyone shares their issues and vents, which creates a community

42
Q

high levels of these traits leads to healthier, longer lives

A

conscientiousness, personal control, self-efficacy, and optimism

43
Q

conscientiousness

A

the need to fill social obligations

44
Q

what are highly conscientiousness people more likely to do?

A

make Dr and dentist appointments and show up on time

45
Q

personal control

A

the feeling that we have the power to change

46
Q

self-efficacy

A

confidence in our own ability to do something

47
Q

optimism

A

if you have a more optimistic view on the future, you tend to have a longer & healthier life because you have less stress

48
Q

stress (stress reactions)

A

term used to describe physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses to events that are perceived as threatening or challenging

49
Q

stressors

A

events that cause stress reactions

50
Q

is a little bit of stress ok?

A

yes, because we need it to motivate us to get things done

51
Q

one of the main factors that is detrimental to our life

A

stress

52
Q

what causes stress?

A

decisions, adaptations, physical threats, emotional challenges, change

53
Q

decisions

A

even good ones stress us out

54
Q

adaptations

A

we must adapt to a new person or environment (ex: moving into a college dorm)

55
Q

physical threats

A

someone comes at you with a knife, having cancer

56
Q

change

A

any big change in our life

57
Q

distress

A

stress that is caused by unpleasant happenings

58
Q

examples of distress

A

car broke down, diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder

59
Q

eustress

A

stress that is caused by positive happenings

60
Q

examples of eustress

A

going to college, having a baby, getting married, buying a house

61
Q

types of stressors

A

catastrophes, major life changes, hassles

62
Q

catastrophes

A

unpredictable event that happens on a large (global) scale

63
Q

major life changes

A

landmark events that change your life

64
Q

hassles

A

daily annoyances of life

65
Q

examples of catastrophes

A

covid pandemic, earthquake, hurricane, any situation where a lot of people are in a very stressful situation

66
Q

how do major life changes help us when creating a timeline of our life

A

we categorize our life into before and after the major life changes (ex: before and after the accident)

67
Q

examples of hassles

A

what’s for dinner, cat puked on the carpet, corner spot taken

68
Q

typical sources of stress

A

pressure, personal control, frustration, conflict

69
Q

how is pressure a source of stress?

A

under pressure to perform well or meet expectations

70
Q

how is personal control a source of stress?

A

if I am in control of too many things or if I feel like I’m not in control at all

71
Q

how is frustration a source of stress?

A

something is in the way of what we need/where we are supposed to be

72
Q

how is conflict a source of stress?

A

your ideas / behaviors are up against someone else’s (can be internal conflict)

73
Q

pressure

A

demands and expectations are high from an outside source. time is often a source of pressure

74
Q

personal control

A

you feel that you are responsible for and in control of your own behaviors and choices

75
Q

learned helplessness

A

after repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events, organisms will develop a tendency to remain in stressful situations, even when escape is possible

76
Q

what does learned helplessness lead to?

A

increased illness, depression, and anxiety disorders

77
Q

responses to frustration

A

persistence, aggression, displacement, escape / withdrawal

78
Q

what types of frustrations are there?

A

small ones and large / traumatic ones

79
Q

example of peristence

A

keep pressing the buttons on the vending machine

80
Q

example of aggression

A

getting upset and hitting the vending machine

81
Q

example of displacement

A

stomping or yelling at the first person who asks you what’s wrong instead of hitting the vending machine (displacing anger onto something else)

82
Q

example of escape / withdrawal

A

leaving the vending machine and cooling down by watching YouTube

83
Q

conflict

A

having to choose between two options, where both options are good, bad, or both

84
Q

approach-approach conflict

A

torn between two desirable goals (get fomo)

85
Q

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

torn between two undesirable goals (lesser of two evils)

86
Q

approach-avoidance conflict

A

choosing yes or no about a goal that has both good and bad things about it (mostly internal decisions)

General Psychology (23 decks)

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