Chapter 14 part 1 Flashcards
psychological therapies
what is psychotherapy?
talking about problems
what is biomedical therapy?
medications
what are the types of psychotherapy?
insight therapies and action therapies
what are insight therapies aimed at?
understanding motives and actions, involves soul searching, rehashing past, and trying to understand why
what is the goal of action therapies?
changing behavior, they are aimed at adopting new behaviors so you can be happier now
what are the two insight therapies?
psychoanalysis
humanistic therapy
what are the two action therapies?
behavior therapy
cognitive therapy
who is the inventor of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
what did Freud believe about behavioral problems?
mental and behavioral problems are caused by conflicts between acceptable behavior and unacceptable, unconscious desires
what was the purpose of psychoanalysis?
to bring unconscious desires out into the conscious mind
what are the characteristics of psychoanalysis?
dream analysis
free association
resistance
transference
what is dream analysis?
the unconscious mind emerges in dreams. Freud would have patients lie down and relax and recount their dreams and look for symbolism in them
what is free association?
Freud would let the patient sit and talk with no breaks OR he would rapid fire words at them and the patient had to say the first word that came to mind without thinking
what is resistance?
patients unwilling to talk about certain things means that they were coming close to repressed material
what is transference?
patient transfers feelings from childhood to therapist
who invented humanistic therapy?
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
what is another name for humanistic therapy?
person-centered therapy
what is humanistic therapy?
emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and human nature as growth seeking experiences and motivations for behavior
what is self-actualization?
happens when each decision we make aligns completely with our moral beliefs, Maslow and Rogers said it was very rare (MLK Jr.)
what did Rogers and Maslow think the cause of mental illnesses was?
people felt they weren’t leading a meaningful life
what are the four basic elements of humanistic therapy?
reflection
unconditional positive regard
empathy
authenticity
what is reflection?
the therapist summarizes what the patient is saying so they can see things more clearly and make judgments
what is unconditional positive regard?
creating a completely accepting atmosphere
what is empathy?
feeling what the patient is feeling
what is authenticity?
therapists responses are honest and always true, even if it’s bad
what is behavior therapy?
an action therapy involving the use of learning techniques to change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior
what are examples of behavior therapy?
modeling, reinforcement, and extinction training
what is modeling?
someone else demonstrates how to change the behavior and then helps you change it (AA)
what are other names for behavior therapy?
behavior modification
applied behavior analysis (ABA)
what is cognitive therapy focused on?
changing distorted thinking patterns. goal is to help clients think more positive
what is Beck’s Cognitive Theory?
the therapist openly challenges the distorted thinking (calls them out) and shows them how to change it
what is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
mixes cognitive therapy with behaviorism
what are the goals of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy?
establish positive thinking patterns
set up rewards/punishments to change behavior
develop strategies to cope with future problems
what is a positive comment about Cognitive-Behavioral therapy?
it is the most effective form of psychotherapy for anxiety and mood disorders
what is a criticism of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy?
it is a band-aid. it only treats the symptoms, not the underlying causes of the problem
what is a positive of insight therapies?
can find the root cause of the problem
what is a negative of insight therapies?
can be really drawn out and you get no relief
what is a positive of action therapies?
there is a set amount of sessions and it costs less
what is a negative of action therapies?
might not get to the root cause of the issue
what are biomedical therapies?
therapy that directly affects biological processing
what do most biomedical therapies involve?
medications as treatments
what are some medications given as treatments in biomedical therapies?
antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics)
antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics)
antidepressant drugs
mood stabilizing drugs
what are two kinds of antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics)?
conventional psychotics
atypicals
what are conventional psychotics?
they are older and you can have movement problems
what are atypicals?
newer and work better with less side effects
what do antipsychotic drugs do?
they block dopamine to eliminate psychosis in schizophrenics and people with bipolar 1
what do antianxiety drugs do?
increase GABA release in the amygdala
what are two kinds of antidepressant drugs?
MAOIs
SSRIs
what are MAOIs?
the old antidepressants, very effective, but they work by blocking an enzyme that is in the brain and the stomach. so, if someone on these eats cheese, they could die from a spike in blood pressure
what are SSRIs?
new antidepressants, that enhances serotonin affects
what are mood stabilizing drugs?
Lithium
how does lithium work?
it prevents the manic phase in people with bipolar disorder, which also prevents the depressive episode
how did people find out about lithium?
in areas where there is high levels of lithium in the water, there is no bipolar people, but it makes you tired
when bipolar people go on lithium, what happens?
the lithium makes them think they are cured, and they go off of their meds
