Chapter 11 part 2

Question 1

what are attitudes?

Answer 1

our feelings or opinions about people, objects, and ideas

Question 2

are psychologists interested in attitudes?

Answer 2

yes, they are very interested

Question 3

can attitudes predict behavior?

Answer 3

sometimes

Question 4

when can attitudes predict behavior?

Answer 4

when the attitude is strong
when the person is made aware of the attitude
when the person has a vested interest

Question 5

how can a strong attitude predict behavior?

Answer 5

if you have a strong attitude, you are more likely to behave in ways that align with that belief

Question 6

how can a person being made aware of their attitude predict behavior?

Answer 6

if you say your belief out loud, you are more likely to act in ways that align with that attitude

Question 7

how can a person having a vested interest predict their behavior?

Answer 7

if you have something to gain in seeing the attitude and the behavior together (if you have skin in the game), you are more likely to do that behavior

Question 8

can behavior predict attitudes?

Answer 8

sometimes

Question 9

what is the self-perception theory?

Answer 9

attitudes follow behavior. doing becomes believing

Question 10

what is the self-perception theory in simple terms?

Answer 10

when we force someone to do behaviors that are the opposite of their attitude, their attitude begins to shift to match their behavior

Question 11

what is an example of the self-perception theory?

Answer 11

you hate Amazon, but that is the only job you can get and you need to feed your family. A few months later, you dislike Amazon instead of hating it. your attitude is shifting

Question 12

what is the foot-in-the-door technique?

Answer 12

someone asks you for one little thing and you say yes. when they come back to ask for a larger favor, you are more likely to say yes because you said yes to the first thing

Question 13

why do we change our beliefs to match our behavior?

Answer 13

it is easier to change our beliefs / attitudes than change our behavior

Question 14

why are people more likely to change their beliefs after engaging in behaviors that go against them?

Answer 14

cognitive dissonance

Question 15

everyone experiences a conflict between _________________

Answer 15

who we are and who we want to be

Question 16

which psychologist developed the theory of cognitive dissonance in 1957?

Answer 16

Leon Festinger

Question 17

what is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 17

the conflict or anxiety we feel when there is an inconsistency between our beliefs and our actions

Question 18

what is altruism?

Answer 18

unselfish interest in helping another person

Question 19

why do people help other people?

Answer 19

reciprocity
egoism
implicit rules of society

Question 20

what is reprocity?

Answer 20

doing unto others as they will do unto you

Question 21

what is egoism?

Answer 21

doing unto others because it somehow benefits ourselves or society that in turn benefits us

Question 22

what is an example of egoism?

Answer 22

I help people learn to read because I believe a literate population benefits everyone

Question 23

what are implicit rules of society?

Answer 23

rules with morality, we should help people in need and if others are helping I should help too

Question 24

what are the factors that influence helping behavior?

Answer 24

mood
empathy
the bystander effect

Question 25

how does mood influence helping behavior?

Answer 25

if someone is in a good mood they are more likely to help

Question 26

how does empathy influence helping behavior?

Answer 26

if I see someone that needs help and I can see myself as them (put myself in their shoes) I am more likely to help

Question 27

how does the bystander effect influence helping behavior?

Answer 27

everyone else wants someone else to help, if no one is helping why should I

Question 28

we tend to help people that are ____________________

Answer 28

perceived as higher status

Question 29

what is conformity?

Answer 29

changing one’s behavior to align with the group or group standard

Question 30

when people are free to do as they please _______________

Answer 30

they usually imitate each other

Question 31

humans have a tendency _________________

Answer 31

to feel pressure to conform

Question 32

what was Asch’s conformity study?

Answer 32

had 7 people sitting around a table and 6 of them were actors. the 7th person was a participant in the study. Asch showed them exhibit 1 and 2 and goes around the table and asks each person which line matches the first one. On the fourth round, the actors all say the wrong answer and Asch looks to see if the participant says the right or wrong answer

Question 33

what were the outcomes of the conformity study?

Answer 33

35% of the time the participants conformed and said the wrong answer. when asked why they said the wrong answer the participant said they couldn’t see clearly or they didn’t want the other people see them as weird

Question 34

why do we conform?

Answer 34

informational social influence
normative social influence

Question 35

what is informative social influence?

Answer 35

the influence people have on us because we want to be right

Question 36

what is an example of informative social influence?

Answer 36

everyone gets a different answer on a math problem so you change your answer to conform

Question 37

what is normative social influence?

Answer 37

the influence people have on us because we want to be liked

Question 38

what is an example of normative social influence?

Answer 38

we conform to what the group does so we can fit in

Question 39

what is obedience?

Answer 39

behavior that complies with the specific demands of an authority figure

Question 40

what was the result of Milgram’s Obedience Study?

Answer 40

two-thirds of participants harmed someone when an authority figure told them to

Question 41

what is the difference between conformity and obedience?

Answer 41

conformity happens when you do a behavior so you are right or liked, whereas with obedience you feel pressured by an authority figure to do a behavior

Question 42

in Milgram’s experiment who were the teacher and learner?

Answer 42

teacher was the participant
learner was the actor

Question 43

actor is another word for ____________

Answer 43

confederate

Question 44

what happened when Milgram’s experiment was repeated, but participants were told they could stop at any time?

Answer 44

none of the participants “killed” the learner