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General Psychology > Chapter 11 part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 part 1 Flashcards

social psychology

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1
Q

what is social psychology?

A

how people think about, influence, and relate to other people

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2
Q

what are some areas of social psychology?

A

social cognition, social behavior, social influence, behavior relations, close relationships

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3
Q

what is social cognition?

A

How people select, interpret, remember, and use social information

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4
Q

what are the areas of social cognition?

A

attrition, personal perception, the self, attitudes

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5
Q

what is attribution?

A

determining why people do what they do

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6
Q

it is human nature ____________________

A

to want to know why someone is doing that thing and we try to figure it out and make judgments

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7
Q

what are the attribution theories?

A

internal vs. external causes
stable vs. unstable causes
controllable vs. uncontrollable causes

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8
Q

why do we use the attribution theories?

A

they are the explanations of why someone is doing something

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9
Q

what is internal vs. external causes?

A

is someone doing this thing because it is part of their personality (internal) or is it because something about the situation is demanding they behave that way (external)

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10
Q

what is stable vs. unstable causes?

A

does this person behave this way most times (stable) or does this behavior happen only once (unstable)

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11
Q

what is controllable vs. uncontrollable causes?

A

can this person control the situation or not?

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12
Q

how do we explain other people’s behavior?

A

we typically attribute others’ behavior to internal causes even though it is not always accurate

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13
Q

humans tend to say that people ______________

A

are just like that and they act that way all the time

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14
Q

what do humans tend to overestimate with attrition theories?

A

stable and internal traits

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15
Q

what do humans tend to underestimate with attrition theories?

A

unstable / temporary, uncontrollable, and external traits

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16
Q

what is the fundamental attribution error?

A

people tend to overestimate the importance of stable, internal traits and underestimate the importance of temporary, external situations when seeking explanations for others’ behavior

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17
Q

what is the self-serving bias?

A

we often attribute our own behavior to whichever explanation benefits us the most

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18
Q

if I catch a far ball while playing softball even though I’m not good

A

I attribute it to being a good player because of the self-serving bias

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19
Q

if I didn’t catch an easy ball while playing softball

A

I say the sun was in my eyes and make excuses

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20
Q

what is the self-serving bias in simple terms?

A

we take credit for our successes and make excuses for our mistakes / failures

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21
Q

why does the self-serving bias work so well?

A

it allows us to try again because it lets us off the hook for our mistakes and protects our ego

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22
Q

what is the false consensus effect?

A

overestimation of the degree to which everyone else thinks and acts as we do

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23
Q

what is the false consensus effect in simple terms?

A

we tend to surround ourselves with people who are like us, and we don’t encounter people who aren’t, so we have a false belief that most people are like you when it is not true, it always comes as a shock

24
Q

what is person perception?

A

how we think about other people. forming impressions, feelings, and attitudes about others

25
Q

why is it important that, when we first meet someone, we make judgments about them and feel them out?

A

so we can prepare ourselves in case of danger (part of human nature)

26
Q

are first impressions important?

A

yes, because of the power of the first impression and the primacy effect

27
Q

what are first impressions?

A

the very first thoughts and feelings we have about someone when we meet them for the first time

28
Q

why is it hard to erase a first impression?

A

because of the primacy effect, all your attention was on the very first few things that person did and it was encoded really well in long-term memory

29
Q

what is a stereotype?

A

generalization about a group’s characteristics that does not account for individual variability. sometimes it is accurate, but often overgeneralized

30
Q

what happens when you stereotype someone?

A

we know that each person is different and we can’t share all characteristics but when we meet someone from that group for the first time, we still assume they have all the characteristics of that group

31
Q

is stereotyping accurate?

A

no

32
Q

why do we stereotype?

A

we are biologically built to categorize
it is easier to make assumptions about someone that to actually learn about them at first

33
Q

what is the self-fulfilling prophecy?

A

expectations that cause individuals to act in ways that make the expectations come true

34
Q

what is a stereotype threat?

A

a type of self-fulfilling prophecy in which anxiety about being negatively stereotyped actually causes underperformance

35
Q

what is the self-fulfilling prophecy in simple terms?

A

because of expectations and stereotypes, we treat people differently and they behave differently, which meets our expectations

36
Q

what is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

A

you are poking someone, and they get mad (the reaction you expected), see, they are like that

37
Q

what is a stereotype threat in simple terms?

A

I belong to a group that other people think is less than, which makes me anxious and I underperform

38
Q

if you know you are being negatively stereotyped, ________________________

A

it makes it more difficult to perform

39
Q

what stereotypes do we have about beautiful/attractive people?

A

beautiful people are rated higher in friendliness, honesty, and other good traits

40
Q

what is social identity?

A

defining oneself in terms of group memberships

41
Q

what is social identity in simple terms?

A

we look to see what groups we belong to

42
Q

what is the ingroup?

A

your group

43
Q

what is the outgroup?

A

comparison group

44
Q

every ingroup _________________

A

has an outgroup that is a comparison group

45
Q

what is prejudice?

A

Prejudgment. Unjustifiable and usually negative attitude about a group and its members. Generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition towards discriminatory actions

46
Q

what is discrimination?

A

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

47
Q

what is the self?

A

how we view ourselves

48
Q

what is self-esteem?

A

the degree to which we have positive or negative feelings about ourselves

49
Q

what is self-image?

A

how you think other people perceive you

50
Q

what is self-efficacy?

A

how confident I am in my ability to complete a goal

51
Q

self-esteem factors into _________________

A

a lot of mental illnesses

52
Q

which individual has a higher self-esteem?
A: has positive allusions about herself. tends to have a self-serving bias
B: is more realistic about her good and bad characteristics

A

A has a higher self-esteem because her self-esteem is more protected due to the positive allusions and self-serving bias

53
Q

people who are more realistic about their characteristics tend to ________________

A

have more anxiety and depression

54
Q

what are social comparisons?

A

evaluating one’s thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others

55
Q

what are social comparisons in simple terms?

A

determining your own worth by comparing yourself to others

56
Q

if you do a lot of social comparisons ________________________

A

you will feel more negatively about yourself

General Psychology (23 decks)

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