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HLSC120: Human Anatomy > Chapter 8: Lower Limb And Foot > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Lower Limb And Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Tarsals

A

7 bones

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2
Q

Metatarsals

A

5 bones

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3
Q

Phalanges

A

14 bones

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4
Q

Talus

A

Articulated with tibia and fibula

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5
Q

Calcaneus

A

The largest and strongest heel bone

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6
Q

Tarsal bones

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • navicular
  • cuboid
  • 3 cuneiform
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7
Q

Tarsus

A

Ankle

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8
Q

Function of arches

A
  • provides spring and leverage to the foot when walking
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9
Q

Flatfoot

A
  • arches decrease or “ fall”
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10
Q

Clawfoot

A
  • too much arch occurs due to various pathologies
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11
Q

Medial longitudinal arch

A
  • extends from the heel to the great toe
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12
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch

A
  • is not as high as the medial longitudinal arch. Extends between the heel and the little toe
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13
Q

Transverse arch

A
  • runs perpendicular to the longitudinal arches, and form between navicular and cuneiform bones
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14
Q

Anterior extensor muscles

A

Quadriceps femoris group
- recuts femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius

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15
Q

Posterior flexor muscles

A

Hamstrings femoris group
- biceps femoris
- semimembraneous
- Semitendinosus

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16
Q

Anterior extensor muscle functions

A

Extends the leg at the knee joint and flexes thigh at the hip

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17
Q

Recuts femoris

A

Superficial muscle
O: anterior inferior iliac spine
I: tibial tuberosity

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18
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

O: greater trochanter and line aspera of femur
I: tibial turberosity

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19
Q

Vastus medialis

A

O: Linea aspera of femur
I: tibial tuberosity

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20
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

O: anterior and lateral surface of the body of the femur
I: tibial tuberosity

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21
Q

What is the common insertion for the anterior extensor muscles (quadriceps and femoris group)

A

Tibial tuberosity

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22
Q

Biceps femoris

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: head and lateral condyle of fibula

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23
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia

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24
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: shaft of tibia

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25
Q

What is the function of the posterior group of muscles

A

Commonly flexes the leg at the knee joint and extends the thigh at the hip

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26
Q

What is the common organ for the posterior flexor muscles (hamstrings femoris group)

A

Ischial tuberosity

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27
Q

Gracilis

A

Addicted thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh medially and flexes leg at knee joint
O: the body and inferior ramus of the pubis
I: medial surface of the body of the tibia

28
Q

Anterior compartment leg muscles

A
  • extensor hallucinations longus
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorium longus
29
Q

Anterior leg muscles common action

A

Extend the great toe and dorsiflex the foot at the ankle joint

30
Q

Lateral compartment muscles

A
  • finularis longus and brevis
31
Q

Fibularis longus and brevis action

A

Both muscles everts foot and are weaker in flexing plantar

32
Q

Posterior compartment superficial layer leg muscles

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
33
Q

Posterior compartment superficial layer common action

A

Flexes leg at knee and plantar flex the foot at the ankle joint

34
Q

Extensor hallucinations longus

A

Extends greet toe and dorsiflexes foot at the ankle joint

35
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

36
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A
  • extends toes 2-5
  • dorsiflexes foot at the ankle joint
37
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  • flexes leg at knee
  • plantar plexus foot at ankle
38
Q

Soleus

A

Planter flexes foot at ankle

39
Q

Plantaris

A

Weak leg flexor plantaris flexes foot at the ankle joint

40
Q

Posterior compartment deep layer leg muscles

A
  • flexor digitorium longus
  • flexor hallicus longus
  • tibialis posterior
  • popliteus
41
Q

Flexor digitorium longus

A

Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle

42
Q

Flexor hallicus longus

A
  • plantar flexes foot at the ankle joint
43
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Plantar flexes and inverts foot

44
Q

Popliteus

A

Flexes leg, medially rotates tibia to unlock the knee

45
Q

Plantar muscles of foot
First layer

A
  • flexor digitorium brevis
  • abductor hallicus
  • abductor digiti minimi
46
Q

Flexor digitorium brevis

A
  • attaches to middle phalanges of toes
  • flexes toes 2-5 at IP and metatarsophlangeal joint
47
Q

Abductor hallicus

A

Abducts and flexes the great toe 1

48
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Abducts and flexes the little toe 5

49
Q

Plantar group
Second layer of muscles

A
  • quadratus plantae
  • lumbricales muscles
50
Q

Quadratus plantae

A

Attach tot he tendons of the digitorium longus to flex toes 2-5

51
Q

Lumbricals muscles

A
  • attach to the tendons of flexor digitorium longus
  • flex MP joint
  • extend toes 2-5 at IP joints
52
Q

Plantar group of muscles
The third layer

A
  • adductors hallucis
  • flexor hallucis brevis
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
53
Q

Adductors hallucis

A
  • adducts and flexes great toe 1
54
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A
  • flexes great toe at MTP joint
55
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A
  • flexes little toe (5) at MTP joint
56
Q

Plantar muscle group
Forth layer

A
  • dorsal interossei
  • plantar interossei
57
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Adducts and flexes the toes 2-5 at MTP and extends toes at IP

58
Q

Plantar interossei

A

Adducts and flexes proximal MTP and extends at IP joint

59
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L4-L5 and S1-S4
Innervates
- lower back
- pelvis
- perineum
- posterior surface of thigh and leg
- dorsiflexes and plantar of the foot

60
Q

What nerve arises form the sacral plexus

A

Sciatic nerve

61
Q

What nerves form the coccygeal plexus

A

Coccygeal nerves

62
Q

Common fib. Nerve innervates

A

Anterior, lateral leg and dorsum of the foot

63
Q

Common tubular nerve is made of of what nerves

A

Superficial gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Nerve to piriformis
Pudendal

64
Q

What inenrvates the superficial gluteal region

A

Sciatic nerve

65
Q

What interfered the inferior gluteal region

A

Sciatic nerve

66
Q

What innervstes the posterior femoral cutaneous

A

Sciatic nerve

67
Q

What innervates the pudendal

A

Sciatic nerve
- sex organs including the skin of the scrotum, clitoris, labia majora and minora, and vagina

HLSC120: Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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