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HLSC120: Human Anatomy > Chapter 8: Lower Limb And Foot > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Lower Limb And Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Tarsals

A

7 bones

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2
Q

Metatarsals

A

5 bones

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3
Q

Phalanges

A

14 bones

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4
Q

Talus

A

Articulated with tibia and fibula

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5
Q

Calcaneus

A

The largest and strongest heel bone

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6
Q

Tarsal bones

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • navicular
  • cuboid
  • 3 cuneiform
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7
Q

Tarsus

A

Ankle

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8
Q

Function of arches

A
  • provides spring and leverage to the foot when walking
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9
Q

Flatfoot

A
  • arches decrease or “ fall”
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10
Q

Clawfoot

A
  • too much arch occurs due to various pathologies
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11
Q

Medial longitudinal arch

A
  • extends from the heel to the great toe
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12
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch

A
  • is not as high as the medial longitudinal arch. Extends between the heel and the little toe
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13
Q

Transverse arch

A
  • runs perpendicular to the longitudinal arches, and form between navicular and cuneiform bones
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14
Q

Anterior extensor muscles

A

Quadriceps femoris group
- recuts femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius

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15
Q

Posterior flexor muscles

A

Hamstrings femoris group
- biceps femoris
- semimembraneous
- Semitendinosus

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16
Q

Anterior extensor muscle functions

A

Extends the leg at the knee joint and flexes thigh at the hip

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17
Q

Recuts femoris

A

Superficial muscle
O: anterior inferior iliac spine
I: tibial tuberosity

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18
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

O: greater trochanter and line aspera of femur
I: tibial turberosity

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19
Q

Vastus medialis

A

O: Linea aspera of femur
I: tibial tuberosity

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20
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

O: anterior and lateral surface of the body of the femur
I: tibial tuberosity

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21
Q

What is the common insertion for the anterior extensor muscles (quadriceps and femoris group)

A

Tibial tuberosity

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22
Q

Biceps femoris

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: head and lateral condyle of fibula

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23
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia

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24
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: shaft of tibia

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25
What is the function of the posterior group of muscles
Commonly flexes the leg at the knee joint and extends the thigh at the hip
26
What is the common organ for the posterior flexor muscles (hamstrings femoris group)
Ischial tuberosity
27
Gracilis
Addicted thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh medially and flexes leg at knee joint O: the body and inferior ramus of the pubis I: medial surface of the body of the tibia
28
Anterior compartment leg muscles
- extensor hallucinations longus - tibialis anterior - extensor digitorium longus
29
Anterior leg muscles common action
Extend the great toe and dorsiflex the foot at the ankle joint
30
Lateral compartment muscles
- finularis longus and brevis
31
Fibularis longus and brevis action
Both muscles everts foot and are weaker in flexing plantar
32
Posterior compartment superficial layer leg muscles
- gastrocnemius - soleus - plantaris
33
Posterior compartment superficial layer common action
Flexes leg at knee and plantar flex the foot at the ankle joint
34
Extensor hallucinations longus
Extends greet toe and dorsiflexes foot at the ankle joint
35
Tibialis anterior
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
36
Extensor digitorum longus
- extends toes 2-5 - dorsiflexes foot at the ankle joint
37
Gastrocnemius
- flexes leg at knee - plantar plexus foot at ankle
38
Soleus
Planter flexes foot at ankle
39
Plantaris
Weak leg flexor plantaris flexes foot at the ankle joint
40
Posterior compartment deep layer leg muscles
- flexor digitorium longus - flexor hallicus longus - tibialis posterior - popliteus
41
Flexor digitorium longus
Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle
42
Flexor hallicus longus
- plantar flexes foot at the ankle joint
43
Tibialis posterior
Plantar flexes and inverts foot
44
Popliteus
Flexes leg, medially rotates tibia to unlock the knee
45
Plantar muscles of foot First layer
- flexor digitorium brevis - abductor hallicus - abductor digiti minimi
46
Flexor digitorium brevis
- attaches to middle phalanges of toes - flexes toes 2-5 at IP and metatarsophlangeal joint
47
Abductor hallicus
Abducts and flexes the great toe 1
48
Abductor digiti minimi
Abducts and flexes the little toe 5
49
Plantar group Second layer of muscles
- quadratus plantae - lumbricales muscles
50
Quadratus plantae
Attach tot he tendons of the digitorium longus to flex toes 2-5
51
Lumbricals muscles
- attach to the tendons of flexor digitorium longus - flex MP joint - extend toes 2-5 at IP joints
52
Plantar group of muscles The third layer
- adductors hallucis - flexor hallucis brevis - flexor digiti minimi brevis
53
Adductors hallucis
- adducts and flexes great toe 1
54
Flexor hallucis brevis
- flexes great toe at MTP joint
55
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
- flexes little toe (5) at MTP joint
56
Plantar muscle group Forth layer
- dorsal interossei - plantar interossei
57
Dorsal interossei
Adducts and flexes the toes 2-5 at MTP and extends toes at IP
58
Plantar interossei
Adducts and flexes proximal MTP and extends at IP joint
59
Sacral plexus
L4-L5 and S1-S4 Innervates - lower back - pelvis - perineum - posterior surface of thigh and leg - dorsiflexes and plantar of the foot
60
What nerve arises form the sacral plexus
Sciatic nerve
61
What nerves form the coccygeal plexus
Coccygeal nerves
62
Common fib. Nerve innervates
Anterior, lateral leg and dorsum of the foot
63
Common tubular nerve is made of of what nerves
Superficial gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Nerve to piriformis Pudendal
64
What inenrvates the superficial gluteal region
Sciatic nerve
65
What interfered the inferior gluteal region
Sciatic nerve
66
What innervstes the posterior femoral cutaneous
Sciatic nerve
67
What innervates the pudendal
Sciatic nerve - sex organs including the skin of the scrotum, clitoris, labia majora and minora, and vagina

HLSC120: Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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