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HLSC120: Human Anatomy > Chaper 18: ANS > Flashcards

Chaper 18: ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory nervous system

A

Detects stimuli and transmits information from receptor to the CNS

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2
Q

Somatic sensory nervous system

A

Sensory input that is consciously perceived from receptors (eye, skin, and ears)

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3
Q

Visceral sensory nervous system

A

Sensory input that is not consciously perceived from receptors of blood vessels and internal organs

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4
Q

Motor nervous system

A

Initiate and transmits information from the CNS to effectors

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5
Q

Somatic motor nervous system

A

Motor output that is consciously or voluntarily controlled; effector is a skeletal muscle

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6
Q

Autonomic motor system

A

Motor output that is not consciously or involuntarily controlled
- effectors are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

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7
Q

Preganglionic axon (ANS)

A
  • Myelinated
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8
Q

Postganglionic axon ( ANS)

A

Unmyelinated
Extends to the effector cells

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9
Q

Parasympathetic preganglonic axons

A
  • long
  • few branches
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10
Q

Parasympathetic postganglionic axons

A
  • short
  • in or close to effector
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11
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic axons

A
  • short
  • have many branches
  • carried by white rami communicates
  • terminates the sympathetic trunk
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12
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic axons

A
  • long
  • near the spinal cord
  • carried by grey rami communicates
  • extends within the spinal nerve to target organ
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13
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Thoracolumbar division
- preganglonic neurons housed in the lateral horns
- more complex then parasympathetic
- brings body to homeostasis in conditions of “flight or fight”
- increase alertness in metabolic activities

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14
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Crainosacral
Origin: preganglonic neurons located in the brain stem nuclei and S2-S4 segments of the spinal cord
Functions:
- brings body to homeostasis in the conditions of “rest and digest”
- conserves energy and replenishes nutrient stores

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15
Q

Sympathetic ganglia

A

Sites of synapses between the sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

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16
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

A vertical row in either side of the vertebral column

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17
Q

Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia

A

Lies anterior to the vertebral colon and close to the large abdominal arteries

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18
Q

Celiac ganglia

A

Adjacent to he origin of the celiac artery
Preganglonic axons: greater thoracic splanchnic nerves
Postganglionic axons: innervate the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, proximal duodenum, and part of the pancreas

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19
Q

Superior mesenteric ganglia

A

Adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery
Preganglonic axons: compromise the lesser and least thoracic splanchnic nerves
Postganglionic axons: innervate distal duodenum, part of the pancreases, small intestine, proximal large intestine, kidneys, proximal part of the ureters

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20
Q

Superior Cervical ganglia

A

Postganglionic axons distribute to structure in the head and neck

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21
Q

Middle and inferior cervical ganglia

A

Postganglionic neurons extend to the thoracic viscera

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22
Q

Inferior mesenteric ganglia

A

Postganglionic axons innervate the distal colon, rectum, urinary bladder, distal utters, and most of the reproductive organs

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23
Q

Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves

A

T5-T9

24
Q

Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves

A

T10- T11

25
Q

Least thoracic splanchnic nerves

A

T12

26
Q

Lumbar splanchnic nerves

A

L1 and L2

27
Q

Sacral splanchnic nerves

A

Sacral sympathetic ganglia

28
Q

Parasympathetic division is also know as the

A

Craniosacral division

29
Q

Cranial nerves associated with the parasympathetic division

A
  • CN3: oculomotor
  • CN7: facial
  • CN9: glossopharyngeal
  • CN10: Vagus
30
Q

Terminal ganglia

A

Synapse with parasympathetic postganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia

31
Q

Ciliary ganglia

A

Parasympathetic preganglionic axons: pass with the oculomotor nerve to the ciliary ganglia
Postganglonic: project into the collars and iris muscles. Help with vision

32
Q

Pterygopalagine

A

Parasympathetic
- pass through facial nerve
- postganglionic: lacrimal glands and glands of the nose, mouth and palate

33
Q

Submandibular ganglia

A

Parasympathetic
- pass with through facial never
- postganglionic: submandibiular and sublingual salivary glands

34
Q

Optic ganglia

A

Parasympathetic
- pass with glassopharyngeal nerve
- postganglionic: parotid glands

35
Q

CN10

A

Vagus nerve
Innervates thoracic and abdominal organs

36
Q

Thoracic organs

A

Increase mucous production, decreases airway diameter, decreases heart rate and force of contraction

37
Q

Abdominal organs

A

Increases smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in the digestive tract

38
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

A
  • large intestine, rectum. Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and distal ureter
39
Q

What releases Ach

A

All postganglionic parasympathetic axons

40
Q

Cholinergic neurons

A

ACh real sing cells

41
Q

Cholinergic neurons include

A
  • all sympathetic and post sympathetic preganglionic neurons
  • all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
42
Q

What are the two types of Cholinergic receptors which ACh binds to

A
  • nicotinic receptors
  • muscarinic receptors
43
Q

What do adrenergic neurons release

A

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

44
Q

What do adrenergic receptors bind to

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

45
Q

What ANS neurons are adrenergic

A

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons

46
Q

What do autonomic plexuses do?

A
  • control pressure by adjusting heart rate
  • ventricular contraction and blood vessel diameter
  • adjust movement of digestion
47
Q

Cardiac plexus sympathetic activity

A

Increase heart rate and blood pressure

48
Q

Cardiac plexus parasympathetic activity

A

Decreases heart rate

49
Q

Plums are plexus sympathizers activity

A

Bronchodilation

50
Q

Pulmonary plexus parasympathetic activity

A

Bronchi constriction and increased secretion from the bronchial tree

51
Q

Esophageal plexus parasympathetic axons control

A

Swallowing action

52
Q

Abdominal aortic plexus consists of

A

Celiac plexus, superior and inferior mesenteric plexus

53
Q

What does the hypogastric plexus supply to?

A

Supplies to the pelvic viscera - vagina, penis, bladder, and uterus

54
Q

autonomic reflexes help to control

A

Homeostasis

55
Q

What are autonomic reflexes

A

Consists of smooth and cardiac muscle contractions as well as gland secretion in response to a stimuli

HLSC120: Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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