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HLSC120: Human Anatomy > Chaper 18: ANS > Flashcards

Chaper 18: ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory nervous system

A

Detects stimuli and transmits information from receptor to the CNS

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2
Q

Somatic sensory nervous system

A

Sensory input that is consciously perceived from receptors (eye, skin, and ears)

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3
Q

Visceral sensory nervous system

A

Sensory input that is not consciously perceived from receptors of blood vessels and internal organs

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4
Q

Motor nervous system

A

Initiate and transmits information from the CNS to effectors

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5
Q

Somatic motor nervous system

A

Motor output that is consciously or voluntarily controlled; effector is a skeletal muscle

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6
Q

Autonomic motor system

A

Motor output that is not consciously or involuntarily controlled
- effectors are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

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7
Q

Preganglionic axon (ANS)

A
  • Myelinated
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8
Q

Postganglionic axon ( ANS)

A

Unmyelinated
Extends to the effector cells

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9
Q

Parasympathetic preganglonic axons

A
  • long
  • few branches
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10
Q

Parasympathetic postganglionic axons

A
  • short
  • in or close to effector
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11
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic axons

A
  • short
  • have many branches
  • carried by white rami communicates
  • terminates the sympathetic trunk
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12
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic axons

A
  • long
  • near the spinal cord
  • carried by grey rami communicates
  • extends within the spinal nerve to target organ
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13
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Thoracolumbar division
- preganglonic neurons housed in the lateral horns
- more complex then parasympathetic
- brings body to homeostasis in conditions of “flight or fight”
- increase alertness in metabolic activities

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14
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Crainosacral
Origin: preganglonic neurons located in the brain stem nuclei and S2-S4 segments of the spinal cord
Functions:
- brings body to homeostasis in the conditions of “rest and digest”
- conserves energy and replenishes nutrient stores

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15
Q

Sympathetic ganglia

A

Sites of synapses between the sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

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16
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

A vertical row in either side of the vertebral column

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17
Q

Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia

A

Lies anterior to the vertebral colon and close to the large abdominal arteries

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18
Q

Celiac ganglia

A

Adjacent to he origin of the celiac artery
Preganglonic axons: greater thoracic splanchnic nerves
Postganglionic axons: innervate the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, proximal duodenum, and part of the pancreas

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19
Q

Superior mesenteric ganglia

A

Adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery
Preganglonic axons: compromise the lesser and least thoracic splanchnic nerves
Postganglionic axons: innervate distal duodenum, part of the pancreases, small intestine, proximal large intestine, kidneys, proximal part of the ureters

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20
Q

Superior Cervical ganglia

A

Postganglionic axons distribute to structure in the head and neck

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21
Q

Middle and inferior cervical ganglia

A

Postganglionic neurons extend to the thoracic viscera

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22
Q

Inferior mesenteric ganglia

A

Postganglionic axons innervate the distal colon, rectum, urinary bladder, distal utters, and most of the reproductive organs

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23
Q

Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves

24
Q

Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves

25
Least thoracic splanchnic nerves
T12
26
Lumbar splanchnic nerves
L1 and L2
27
Sacral splanchnic nerves
Sacral sympathetic ganglia
28
Parasympathetic division is also know as the
Craniosacral division
29
Cranial nerves associated with the parasympathetic division
- CN3: oculomotor - CN7: facial - CN9: glossopharyngeal - CN10: Vagus
30
Terminal ganglia
Synapse with parasympathetic postganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia
31
Ciliary ganglia
Parasympathetic preganglionic axons: pass with the oculomotor nerve to the ciliary ganglia Postganglonic: project into the collars and iris muscles. Help with vision
32
Pterygopalagine
Parasympathetic - pass through facial nerve - postganglionic: lacrimal glands and glands of the nose, mouth and palate
33
Submandibular ganglia
Parasympathetic - pass with through facial never - postganglionic: submandibiular and sublingual salivary glands
34
Optic ganglia
Parasympathetic - pass with glassopharyngeal nerve - postganglionic: parotid glands
35
CN10
Vagus nerve Innervates thoracic and abdominal organs
36
Thoracic organs
Increase mucous production, decreases airway diameter, decreases heart rate and force of contraction
37
Abdominal organs
Increases smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in the digestive tract
38
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
- large intestine, rectum. Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and distal ureter
39
What releases Ach
All postganglionic parasympathetic axons
40
Cholinergic neurons
ACh real sing cells
41
Cholinergic neurons include
- all sympathetic and post sympathetic preganglionic neurons - all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
42
What are the two types of Cholinergic receptors which ACh binds to
- nicotinic receptors - muscarinic receptors
43
What do adrenergic neurons release
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
44
What do adrenergic receptors bind to
Norepinephrine and epinephrine
45
What ANS neurons are adrenergic
Sympathetic postganglionic neurons
46
What do autonomic plexuses do?
- control pressure by adjusting heart rate - ventricular contraction and blood vessel diameter - adjust movement of digestion
47
Cardiac plexus sympathetic activity
Increase heart rate and blood pressure
48
Cardiac plexus parasympathetic activity
Decreases heart rate
49
Plums are plexus sympathizers activity
Bronchodilation
50
Pulmonary plexus parasympathetic activity
Bronchi constriction and increased secretion from the bronchial tree
51
Esophageal plexus parasympathetic axons control
Swallowing action
52
Abdominal aortic plexus consists of
Celiac plexus, superior and inferior mesenteric plexus
53
What does the hypogastric plexus supply to?
Supplies to the pelvic viscera - vagina, penis, bladder, and uterus
54
autonomic reflexes help to control
Homeostasis
55
What are autonomic reflexes
Consists of smooth and cardiac muscle contractions as well as gland secretion in response to a stimuli

HLSC120: Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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