Chapter 7: Vertebral Column And Rib Cage

Question 1

Functions of the vertebral column

Answer 1

• provides support for the body
• supports the weight of the upper head
• helps maintain an upwright body position
• helps transfer axial skeleton weight to the appendicular skeleton of the lower limbs
• houses and protects delicate spinal cord and nerves

Question 2

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 2

Neck Region
-7

Question 3

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 3

Chest region
- 12

Question 4

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 4

Lower back region
- 5

Question 5

Sacral vertebrae

Answer 5

5 fused —> 1 bone

Question 6

Coccygeal Vertebrae

Answer 6

4fused —> 1 bone

Question 7

Functions of Curvatures

Answer 7

• increases its strength
• helps maintain balance in the upwright position
• absorbs shock during walking
• helps protect the vertebrae from fracture

Question 8

Which vertebral column are immovable

Answer 8

Sacral and coccyx
- after puberty

Question 9

What type of cartilage is the intervertebral disc

Answer 9

• fibrocartilage

Question 10

C1 - atlas

Answer 10

• no body
• head-shake (yes)

Question 11

C2

Answer 11

Axis
Head-shake (no)

Question 12

Which vertebrae form the Atlanta-axial joint

Answer 12

C1 and C2

Question 13

Thoracic vertebrae characteristics

Answer 13

• considerable larger and stronger than cervical vertebrae
• identified by there costal facets
• body’s articulate with the head of the ribs ( except T11 and T12)

Question 14

Lumbar Vertebrae characteristic

Answer 14

• largest and strongest infused vertebrae
• absense of costal cartilage
• lack of transverse foramen
• have large black like body with kidney shaped articulate surfaces

Question 15

Anterior muscles of the neck

Answer 15

• sternocleiodomastoid
• scalene muscles

Question 16

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 16

• flexes the cervical portion
• flexes the head at the atlanto-axial joint

O - manubrium of sternum and the clavicle
I - mastoid process of the temporal bone and nuchal of the occipital bone

Question 17

Scalene muscles

Answer 17

• elevates the ribs

O - transverse process of the ribs 2-7
I - first and second ribs

Question 18

Posterior muscles

Answer 18

• splenius cerviclis
• spenius capitis
• erector spinae

Question 19

Splenius cervicis

Answer 19

• extend, flexes, and rotates the head

Question 20

Splenius Capitis

Answer 20

• extend, laterally flex, and rotate the head

Question 21

Erector spinae

Answer 21

• largest muscle of the back
• forms bulge on either side of the vertebral column
• an extensor of the vertebral column

Question 22

Rib cage protects

Answer 22

• hear, lungs, trachea, esophagus and some thoracic organs
• provides support for upper limb
• plays a role in breathing

Question 23

Sternum parts

Answer 23

• manubrium
• body
• xiphoid process

Question 24

Ribs functions

Answer 24

Give structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity

Question 25

True ribs

Answer 25

1-7 - directly anterior attachment to the sternum

Question 26

False ribs

Answer 26

8-10 - indirect attachment to the sternum

Question 27

Floating ribs

Answer 27

11-12 - no attachment to the sternum

Question 28

What are the total amount of false ribs

Answer 28

5

Question 29

What forms the cervical plexuses

Answer 29

Anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C4

Question 30

Phernic nerve orgiginates

Answer 30

Primary from C4 - some contributing axons of C3 and 5

Question 31

Superior roots

Answer 31

- infrahyoid and gleniohyoid muscles

Question 32

Inferior roots

Answer 32

- infrehyoid muscles

Question 33

Phrenic nerves

Answer 33

- diaphragm

Question 34

Segmental branch

Answer 34

- deep muscles of the neck; levitator scapulae and scalene muscles