Chapter 25: The Respitory System Flashcards
1
Q
Otorhinolaryngology
A
Ear, nose, and throat
2
Q
Pulmonologist
A
Diagnosis and treatment of lung disease
3
Q
Primary function of the respitory system
A
Gas exchange
4
Q
Functions of the respitory system
A
- gas transport and gas exchange
- gas conditioning (cleanse, humidify, and warm)
- filters inhaled air
- produces sounds (vocalization)
- oldfaction
- immune defence
- eliminates small amounts of water and heat through exhaled air
5
Q
The respitory systems are seperated based on
A
Structure
6
Q
Upper respiratory system (URT) consists of
A
- nose / nasal cavity
- paranasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- tonsils
- associated structure
7
Q
The lower respiratory system consists of
A
- trachea
- bronchi
- lungs
8
Q
Conducting zone purpose
A
Filters, warms, moistens, and conducts air into the lungs
9
Q
Respitory zone purpose
A
Sites of gas exchange
10
Q
The conducting zone consists of
A
- nose / nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles
11
Q
Respiratory Zone Consists of
A
- respitory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- alveoli
12
Q
The conducting and respiratory zone are seperated based on
A
Functions
13
Q
What are the two regions of the nasal cavity
A
- respiratory region
- olfactory region
14
Q
Conchae
A
Bony projections from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
15
Q
Meatuses
A
- air passageway between the conchae
- lined by mucous membranes
- swirl/ warm/ moisten inhaled air
- increases surface area
- prevents dehydration
16
Q
What secretes mucous
A
Goblet cells
17
Q
Paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
A
- secretions help moisten air
18
Q
Cilia
A
- move mucous and trapped dust particle towards the pharynx
19
Q
Nasal cavity structures
A
- conchae
- meatuses
- paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts
- cilia
20
Q
Functions of the nose / nasal cavity
A
- warm, mistime and filter inhaled air
- detect olfactory
- modifies speech ad air passes through resonating chambers
21
Q
Paranasal sinus functions
A
- sound resonance
- decreases weight of the skull
- warms, swirls, and moistens air
- sound modification
22
Q
Pharynx functions
A
- passageway for air, liquid, and food
- resonating chambers for speech sounds
- houses tonsils (immunology)
- lined with mucosa
- contains skeletal muscles, which control swallowing
23
Q
What are the tree divisions of the pharynx
A
- naso
- oro
- laryngo
24
Q
Where is the nasopharynx located
A
- posterior to nasal cavity, extended to soft plate
25
What are the 5 openings of the nasopharynx
- two internal nares
- two eustatian tube openings (auditory tubes); connects the nasopharynx to the tympanic cavity
- one oropharynx opening
26
What tonsils does the nasopharynx contain
- pharyngeal and adrenoid tonsils
27
What is the function of the nasopharynx
- prevents air enters into the food
28
What structures prevent air enters into the food
- soft palate and uvula
29
Where is the oropharynx located
- middle portion between the soft palate and the hyoid bone
- base of the tongue forms the anterior wall
30
What is the opening of the oral cavity to oropharynx
Faucets
31
What tonsils does the oropharynx contain
- palatine and Lingual tonsils
32
What is the function of the oropharynx
- allows passageway of food, fluid, and air
33
What is another name for the laryngopharynx
Hypopharynx
34
Where is the laryngopharynx
- begins at the hypoid bone and ends at the larynx
35
Functions of the laryngopharynx
- both digestive and respiratory
36
Functions of the larynx
- passageway for air
- prevents ingested material from entering the trachea and bronchi
- produces sound for speech
- increases pressure in the abdominal cavity (valsolva maneuver)
- both sneeze and cough reflex
37
Single cartilages
- thyroid
- epiglottis
- cricoid
38
Function of single cartilage
Supports and protects
39
Paired cartilage
- arytenoid
- cuneiform
- corniculate
40
What is the function of paired cartilage
Sound production
41
Vocal fold
True vocal cords
- produce sound
42
Vestibular folds
False vocal cords
43
Trachea functions
- windpipe
- tubular passageway for air
- extends from larynx to T5
- supported by c shaped tracheal cartilage
44
The ends of tracheal cartilage is connected by
Trachealis muscles
45
What type of cartilage is the tracheal cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
46
What separates the thoracic cavity into two distinct chambers?
Mediastinum
47
Oblique fissures separates in the left lung
The superior and inferior lobes
48
Oblique fissure separates in the right lung
The superior lobe from the inferior one and the middle lobe
49
Type I Alveolar cells
- simple squamous epithelium
- permit gas exchange
50
Type II Alveolar
- secretes surfactant
- reduces surface tension (prevents the lungs from collapsing)
51
Alveolar Macrophages
- phagocytize cells
- engulfs particles (immunity)
