Chapter 25: The Respitory System

Question 1

Otorhinolaryngology

Answer 1

Ear, nose, and throat

Question 2

Pulmonologist

Answer 2

Diagnosis and treatment of lung disease

Question 3

Primary function of the respitory system

Answer 3

Gas exchange

Question 4

Functions of the respitory system

Answer 4

• gas transport and gas exchange
• gas conditioning (cleanse, humidify, and warm)
• filters inhaled air
• produces sounds (vocalization)
• oldfaction
• immune defence
• eliminates small amounts of water and heat through exhaled air

Question 5

The respitory systems are seperated based on

Answer 5

Structure

Question 6

Upper respiratory system (URT) consists of

Answer 6

• nose / nasal cavity
• paranasal cavity
• pharynx
• larynx
• tonsils
• associated structure

Question 7

The lower respiratory system consists of

Answer 7

• trachea
• bronchi
• lungs

Question 8

Conducting zone purpose

Answer 8

Filters, warms, moistens, and conducts air into the lungs

Question 9

Respitory zone purpose

Answer 9

Sites of gas exchange

Question 10

The conducting zone consists of

Answer 10

• nose / nasal cavity
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• terminal bronchioles

Question 11

Respiratory Zone Consists of

Answer 11

• respitory bronchioles
• alveolar ducts
• alveolar sacs
• alveoli

Question 12

The conducting and respiratory zone are seperated based on

Answer 12

Functions

Question 13

What are the two regions of the nasal cavity

Answer 13

• respiratory region
• olfactory region

Question 14

Conchae

Answer 14

Bony projections from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Question 15

Meatuses

Answer 15

• air passageway between the conchae
• lined by mucous membranes
• swirl/ warm/ moisten inhaled air
• increases surface area
• prevents dehydration

Question 16

What secretes mucous

Answer 16

Goblet cells

Question 17

Paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct

Answer 17

• secretions help moisten air

Question 18

Cilia

Answer 18

• move mucous and trapped dust particle towards the pharynx

Question 19

Nasal cavity structures

Answer 19

• conchae
• meatuses
• paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts
• cilia

Question 20

Functions of the nose / nasal cavity

Answer 20

• warm, mistime and filter inhaled air
• detect olfactory
• modifies speech ad air passes through resonating chambers

Question 21

Paranasal sinus functions

Answer 21

• sound resonance
• decreases weight of the skull
• warms, swirls, and moistens air
• sound modification

Question 22

Pharynx functions

Answer 22

• passageway for air, liquid, and food
• resonating chambers for speech sounds
• houses tonsils (immunology)
• lined with mucosa
• contains skeletal muscles, which control swallowing

Question 23

What are the tree divisions of the pharynx

Answer 23

• naso
• oro
• laryngo

Question 24

Where is the nasopharynx located

Answer 24

• posterior to nasal cavity, extended to soft plate

Question 25

What are the 5 openings of the nasopharynx

Answer 25

• two internal nares
• two eustatian tube openings (auditory tubes); connects the nasopharynx to the tympanic cavity
• one oropharynx opening

Question 26

What tonsils does the nasopharynx contain

Answer 26

• pharyngeal and adrenoid tonsils

Question 27

What is the function of the nasopharynx

Answer 27

• prevents air enters into the food

Question 28

What structures prevent air enters into the food

Answer 28

• soft palate and uvula

Question 29

Where is the oropharynx located

Answer 29

• middle portion between the soft palate and the hyoid bone
• base of the tongue forms the anterior wall

Question 30

What is the opening of the oral cavity to oropharynx

Answer 30

Faucets

Question 31

What tonsils does the oropharynx contain

Answer 31

• palatine and Lingual tonsils

Question 32

What is the function of the oropharynx

Answer 32

• allows passageway of food, fluid, and air

Question 33

What is another name for the laryngopharynx

Answer 33

Hypopharynx

Question 34

Where is the laryngopharynx

Answer 34

• begins at the hypoid bone and ends at the larynx

Question 35

Functions of the laryngopharynx

Answer 35

• both digestive and respiratory

Question 36

Functions of the larynx

Answer 36

• passageway for air
• prevents ingested material from entering the trachea and bronchi
• produces sound for speech
• increases pressure in the abdominal cavity (valsolva maneuver)
• both sneeze and cough reflex

Question 37

Single cartilages

Answer 37

• thyroid
• epiglottis
• cricoid

Question 38

Function of single cartilage

Answer 38

Supports and protects

Question 39

Paired cartilage

Answer 39

• arytenoid
• cuneiform
• corniculate

Question 40

What is the function of paired cartilage

Answer 40

Sound production

Question 41

Vocal fold

Answer 41

True vocal cords
- produce sound

Question 42

Vestibular folds

Answer 42

False vocal cords

Question 43

Trachea functions

Answer 43

• windpipe
• tubular passageway for air
• extends from larynx to T5
• supported by c shaped tracheal cartilage

Question 44

The ends of tracheal cartilage is connected by

Answer 44

Trachealis muscles

Question 45

What type of cartilage is the tracheal cartilage

Answer 45

Hyaline cartilage

Question 46

What separates the thoracic cavity into two distinct chambers?

Answer 46

Mediastinum

Question 47

Oblique fissures separates in the left lung

Answer 47

The superior and inferior lobes

Question 48

Oblique fissure separates in the right lung

Answer 48

The superior lobe from the inferior one and the middle lobe

Question 49

Type I Alveolar cells

Answer 49

• simple squamous epithelium
• permit gas exchange

Question 50

Type II Alveolar

Answer 50

• secretes surfactant
• reduces surface tension (prevents the lungs from collapsing)

Question 51

Alveolar Macrophages

Answer 51

• phagocytize cells
• engulfs particles (immunity)