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HLSC120: Human Anatomy > Chalter 19: Senses > Flashcards

Chalter 19: Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

Detect odour

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2
Q

Supporting / sustentacular cells

A
  • Support, nourish, and insulate the receptor cells
  • odour binding proteins
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3
Q

Basal cells

A
  • replace worn-out olfactory receptor cells
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4
Q

Olfactory (Bowman’s ) gland

A
  • mucous producing glands that moisten the epithelial surface and dissolve the odourant molecules
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5
Q

Olfactory pathway

A

-olfactory receptor
- olfactory nerves (CNI)
- olfactory bulbs
- olfactory tract
-cerebral cortex
- temporal lobe

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6
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsiabke for smell

A

Temporal lobe

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7
Q

What is the nerve that carry’s smell

A

Olfactory nerves (CNI)

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8
Q

Sweet

A

Sugars

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9
Q

Salty

A

-Na
-Cl

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10
Q

Sour

A

Acids (H)

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11
Q

Bitter

A

Alkaloids

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12
Q

Umami

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

Where are taste buds found

A
  • soft palate
  • epiglottis
  • pharynx
  • elevations of the tongue called papillae
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14
Q

What are papillae

A

Elevations on the tongue whee taste buds are found

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15
Q

Filiform papillae

A
  • contain tactile receptors but no taste buds
  • increase friction between the tongue and the food making it easier for the tongue to move food to the oral cavity
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16
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

5 taste buds
- mushroom shaped elevations scatted over the surface of the tongue

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17
Q

Vallate (circular) papillae

A

100-300 Taste buds
- form an inverted v-shaped row at the back of the tongue

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18
Q

Foliate papillae

A

-most of the taste buds degenerate in early childhood

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19
Q

What three types of papillae contain tastes buds

A
  • fungiform
  • vallate (circular)
  • foliate (degenerate in early childhood)
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20
Q

Gustatory pathway

A
  • taste buds
  • gustatory receptor
  • CNVII, CNIX, CNX
    -gustatory nucleus
    -thalamus
  • insula
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21
Q

What nerves are responsible for taste

A

-CNVII facial
-CNX vagus
- CNIX glossopharyngeal

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22
Q

What is the part of the brain that detects taste

A

Insula

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23
Q

What is the other name for eyelids

A

-palpebrae

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24
Q

Levator palpebrae muscle is responsiable for

A

A week twitch

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25
What is the palpebral fissure
- space between eyelids (palpebrae)
26
Lacrimal caruncle contains
Sebaceous and sudoriferous glands
27
What does the tarsal plate do
Supports the eyelids
28
Function of tarsal (meibomian) gland
- located in the tarsal plate - are sebaceous glands within eyelids;secretion prevents the overflow of tears from sticking together
29
Chalazion
-a tumour or cyst in the tarsal glands
30
Conjunctiva
- the lining over the anterior surface of the eye
31
Palpebral conjunctiva
A thin protective mucous membrane
32
Eyebrows
- thick, short hairs along the superior orbital ridge that prevents sweat from dripping into the eye
33
Eyelashes
- hairs on the margins within the eyelids that prevent large foreign objects from contacting eyes
34
What are the medial and lateral palpebral commissures
Are the corners of the eyes
35
What is the lacrimal caruncle
-is a medial pink bump containing ciliary glands that produce gritty secretion
36
Fibrous tunic / layer contains
- scelera - cornea - sclera venous sinus
37
Sclera
- support, protects, and maintains the shape of the eye and muscle attachments
38
Cornea
- a vascular collangous tissue
39
Sclera venous sinus
Waste removal
40
Vasucular tunic / layer contains
-choroid - ciliary body/process - iris -pupil - lens
41
Choroid
-vascular, melanocytes
42
Ciliary body / process
-melanocytes, aqueous humour
43
Iris
Coloured portion of the eye, consists of two smooth muscles
44
Pupil
Opening in the iris, regulates light entrance
45
Where is aqueous humour produces
Ciliary process and released into the posterior chamber
46
Where is aqueous humour stored
Moves through the pupil to the anterior chamber
47
Excess aqueous humour is absorbed by…
The sclera venous sinus
48
Pigmented Layer of the Retina
- melanin helps absorb stray light rays
49
Photoreceptor cells
- outermost layer - compromised of rods (dim light) and cones (precise and colour vision)
50
Bipolar cells
- synapse with photoreceptors and ganglion cells
51
Horizontal cells
- in between photoreceptors and bipolar cells
52
Amacrine cells
- in between bipolar cells and ganglion cells
53
Ganglion cells
- innermost layer - axons leave the retina the form the optic nerve
54
Optic discs functions
- “Blind spot” - located where ganglion cell axons exit the retina to form the optic nerve, and where blood vessels enter and exist the retina
55
Fovea centralis
- depression in the retina contain a large portion of cones (no rods) - area of sharpest vision - located in the macula lutea
56
Visual pathway
- bipolar cells - optic nerve (II) - optic chaism - optic tract - lateral Venice,ate nucleus: thalamus - occipital lobe
57
What nerve Carrys vision to the brain
Optic (II) nerve
58
What part of the brain does visual information go to
Occipital lobe
59
Function of the external ear
- collects sound waves
60
Function of the middle ear
- transmits sound waves to the oval window
61
What is the function of the internal ear
- receptors for hearing and equilibrium
62
The external ear consists of
- auricle (pinna) - external auditory canal - cerumious glands -tympanic membrane (eardrum) - umbo - malleus
63
What is the middle ear
- is a small, air-filled cavity in the temporal bone that is lined by epithlium
64
What does the middle ear consists of:
- ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) - tensor tympani muscle - stapedius muscle - auditory tube (pharyngotympanic tube) also know as the Eustachian tube
65
What is the internal ear also called
Labyrinth
66
What are the three main areas on the bony labyrinth
- semicircular canals: circular motion - vestibule: utricle/saccule: linear motion -cochlea: organ of corgi- hearing
67
Bony labyrinth
Perilymph
68
Membranous labyrinth
- epithelial sac portion - endolymph and receptors for hearing and equilibrium
69
Hair cells
Receptors for hearing
70
Where does the auditory pathway lead to
Temporal lobe
71
Static/linear equilibrium
- maintain the position of the body realize to the force of gravity - receptor are located in the utricle and saccule: maculae
72
Dynamic / rotation equilibrium
- maintain the body position in relation to sudden movements (acceleration / deceleration) - located in the semicircular canal: crista
73
Vestibular apparatus
- saccule - utricle - semicircular ducts
74
Macula
- sense organs of the utricle and saccule

HLSC120: Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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