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HLSC120: Human Anatomy > Chalter 19: Senses > Flashcards

Chalter 19: Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

Detect odour

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2
Q

Supporting / sustentacular cells

A
  • Support, nourish, and insulate the receptor cells
  • odour binding proteins
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3
Q

Basal cells

A
  • replace worn-out olfactory receptor cells
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4
Q

Olfactory (Bowman’s ) gland

A
  • mucous producing glands that moisten the epithelial surface and dissolve the odourant molecules
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5
Q

Olfactory pathway

A

-olfactory receptor
- olfactory nerves (CNI)
- olfactory bulbs
- olfactory tract
-cerebral cortex
- temporal lobe

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6
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsiabke for smell

A

Temporal lobe

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7
Q

What is the nerve that carry’s smell

A

Olfactory nerves (CNI)

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8
Q

Sweet

A

Sugars

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9
Q

Salty

A

-Na
-Cl

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10
Q

Sour

A

Acids (H)

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11
Q

Bitter

A

Alkaloids

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12
Q

Umami

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

Where are taste buds found

A
  • soft palate
  • epiglottis
  • pharynx
  • elevations of the tongue called papillae
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14
Q

What are papillae

A

Elevations on the tongue whee taste buds are found

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15
Q

Filiform papillae

A
  • contain tactile receptors but no taste buds
  • increase friction between the tongue and the food making it easier for the tongue to move food to the oral cavity
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16
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

5 taste buds
- mushroom shaped elevations scatted over the surface of the tongue

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17
Q

Vallate (circular) papillae

A

100-300 Taste buds
- form an inverted v-shaped row at the back of the tongue

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18
Q

Foliate papillae

A

-most of the taste buds degenerate in early childhood

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19
Q

What three types of papillae contain tastes buds

A
  • fungiform
  • vallate (circular)
  • foliate (degenerate in early childhood)
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20
Q

Gustatory pathway

A
  • taste buds
  • gustatory receptor
  • CNVII, CNIX, CNX
    -gustatory nucleus
    -thalamus
  • insula
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21
Q

What nerves are responsible for taste

A

-CNVII facial
-CNX vagus
- CNIX glossopharyngeal

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22
Q

What is the part of the brain that detects taste

A

Insula

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23
Q

What is the other name for eyelids

A

-palpebrae

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24
Q

Levator palpebrae muscle is responsiable for

A

A week twitch

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25
Q

What is the palpebral fissure

A
  • space between eyelids (palpebrae)
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26
Q

Lacrimal caruncle contains

A

Sebaceous and sudoriferous glands

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27
Q

What does the tarsal plate do

A

Supports the eyelids

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28
Q

Function of tarsal (meibomian) gland

A
  • located in the tarsal plate
  • are sebaceous glands within eyelids;secretion prevents the overflow of tears from sticking together
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29
Q

Chalazion

A

-a tumour or cyst in the tarsal glands

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30
Q

Conjunctiva

A
  • the lining over the anterior surface of the eye
31
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

A thin protective mucous membrane

32
Q

Eyebrows

A
  • thick, short hairs along the superior orbital ridge that prevents sweat from dripping into the eye
33
Q

Eyelashes

A
  • hairs on the margins within the eyelids that prevent large foreign objects from contacting eyes
34
Q

What are the medial and lateral palpebral commissures

A

Are the corners of the eyes

35
Q

What is the lacrimal caruncle

A

-is a medial pink bump containing ciliary glands that produce gritty secretion

36
Q

Fibrous tunic / layer contains

A
  • scelera
  • cornea
  • sclera venous sinus
37
Q

Sclera

A
  • support, protects, and maintains the shape of the eye and muscle attachments
38
Q

Cornea

A
  • a vascular collangous tissue
39
Q

Sclera venous sinus

A

Waste removal

40
Q

Vasucular tunic / layer contains

A

-choroid
- ciliary body/process
- iris
-pupil
- lens

41
Q

Choroid

A

-vascular, melanocytes

42
Q

Ciliary body / process

A

-melanocytes, aqueous humour

43
Q

Iris

A

Coloured portion of the eye, consists of two smooth muscles

44
Q

Pupil

A

Opening in the iris, regulates light entrance

45
Q

Where is aqueous humour produces

A

Ciliary process and released into the posterior chamber

46
Q

Where is aqueous humour stored

A

Moves through the pupil to the anterior chamber

47
Q

Excess aqueous humour is absorbed by…

A

The sclera venous sinus

48
Q

Pigmented Layer of the Retina

A
  • melanin helps absorb stray light rays
49
Q

Photoreceptor cells

A
  • outermost layer
  • compromised of rods (dim light) and cones (precise and colour vision)
50
Q

Bipolar cells

A
  • synapse with photoreceptors and ganglion cells
51
Q

Horizontal cells

A
  • in between photoreceptors and bipolar cells
52
Q

Amacrine cells

A
  • in between bipolar cells and ganglion cells
53
Q

Ganglion cells

A
  • innermost layer
  • axons leave the retina the form the optic nerve
54
Q

Optic discs functions

A
  • “Blind spot”
  • located where ganglion cell axons exit the retina to form the optic nerve, and where blood vessels enter and exist the retina
55
Q

Fovea centralis

A
  • depression in the retina contain a large portion of cones (no rods)
  • area of sharpest vision
  • located in the macula lutea
56
Q

Visual pathway

A
  • bipolar cells
  • optic nerve (II)
  • optic chaism
  • optic tract
  • lateral Venice,ate nucleus: thalamus
  • occipital lobe
57
Q

What nerve Carrys vision to the brain

A

Optic (II) nerve

58
Q

What part of the brain does visual information go to

A

Occipital lobe

59
Q

Function of the external ear

A
  • collects sound waves
60
Q

Function of the middle ear

A
  • transmits sound waves to the oval window
61
Q

What is the function of the internal ear

A
  • receptors for hearing and equilibrium
62
Q

The external ear consists of

A
  • auricle (pinna)
  • external auditory canal
  • cerumious glands
    -tympanic membrane (eardrum)
  • umbo
  • malleus
63
Q

What is the middle ear

A
  • is a small, air-filled cavity in the temporal bone that is lined by epithlium
64
Q

What does the middle ear consists of:

A
  • ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
  • tensor tympani muscle
  • stapedius muscle
  • auditory tube (pharyngotympanic tube) also know as the Eustachian tube
65
Q

What is the internal ear also called

A

Labyrinth

66
Q

What are the three main areas on the bony labyrinth

A
  • semicircular canals: circular motion
  • vestibule: utricle/saccule: linear motion
    -cochlea: organ of corgi- hearing
67
Q

Bony labyrinth

A

Perilymph

68
Q

Membranous labyrinth

A
  • epithelial sac portion
  • endolymph and receptors for hearing and equilibrium
69
Q

Hair cells

A

Receptors for hearing

70
Q

Where does the auditory pathway lead to

A

Temporal lobe

71
Q

Static/linear equilibrium

A
  • maintain the position of the body realize to the force of gravity
  • receptor are located in the utricle and saccule: maculae
72
Q

Dynamic / rotation equilibrium

A
  • maintain the body position in relation to sudden movements (acceleration / deceleration)
  • located in the semicircular canal: crista
73
Q

Vestibular apparatus

A
  • saccule
  • utricle
  • semicircular ducts
74
Q

Macula

A
  • sense organs of the utricle and saccule

HLSC120: Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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