Chapter 25: The Urinary System

Question 1

The urinary system consists of

Answer 1

Two kindness, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra

Question 2

Functions of the kidney

Answer 2

• regulation of blood ionic compounds
• regulation of blood pH
• regulation of blood volume and pressure
• enzymatic regulation of blood pressure
• maintence of blood osmolarity
• production of hormones
• regulation of blood glucose level
• excretion of waste

Question 3

Storage of urine

Answer 3

The bladder

Question 4

Expulsion of urine

Answer 4

Urthera

Question 5

Regulation of blood volume

Answer 5

Hormones

Question 6

Kidney location

Answer 6

Retroperitoneal

Question 7

Fibrous capsule

Answer 7

• directly adheres to the outer surface of the kidney
• helps maintain the shape of the kidney, protect it from trauma, and helps prevent infections from pathogens

Question 8

Renal hilum

Answer 8

Ureters, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and where nerves enter/exit the kidney

Question 9

Perinephric fat

Answer 9

• middle layer
• provided cushion and support to the kidney

Question 10

Renal fascia

Answer 10

• anchors kindness to the surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall and peritoneum

Question 11

Paraneohric fats

Answer 11

• outermost layer
• made of adipose tissue
• located between the renal fascia and peritoneum

Question 12

Renal cortex

Answer 12

• light red region
• nephrons

Question 13

Renal medulla

Answer 13

• dark red - brown region
• renal tubules
• consists of renal pyramids (renal papilla)

Question 14

Extensions of renal cortex that project into the medulla and subdivide it

Answer 14

Renal columns

Question 15

Renal sinus

Answer 15

Renal pelvis, the calyces, and branched of blood vessels

Question 16

Wide base id the renal pry is makes contact with the cortex at the

Answer 16

Corticomedullary junction

Question 17

Renal papilla

Answer 17

Apex of the renal pyramid

Question 18

Minor calyx

Answer 18

• renal papillae projects in hollow funnel shaped structure

Question 19

Several minor calyces fuse to form

Answer 19

Major calyx

Question 20

Blood supply of the kidney

Answer 20

Renal arteries —> segmental arteries —> interlonar arteries —> renal lobe —> arcuate arteries —> affront arterioles —> glomerulus —> efferent arteriole —> peritubular capillaries —> vasa recta —> vein

Question 21

2 parts of the nephron

Answer 21

• renal corpuscle
• renal tubule

Question 22

Renal tubule

Answer 22

Filter fluid passes

Question 23

Renal corpuscle

Answer 23

Filtration of plasma

Question 24

Renal corpuscle parts

Answer 24

• glomerulus
• bowman’s capsule

Question 25

Glomerulus

Answer 25

Capillary network Consists of two layers - visceral - paritetal

Question 26

Renal tubule consists of

Answer 26

- proximal convoluted tubule - nephron loop ( loop of henle) - distal convoluted tubule

Question 27

Visceral layer of the glomerulus capsule

Answer 27

Epithelial cells - podocytes

Question 28

Parietal layer of the glomerulus capsule

Answer 28

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 29

Podocytes

Answer 29

Modified simple squamous epithelial cells

Question 30

Filtrations membrane layers

Answer 30

- endothelium of glomerulus - basement membrane of glomerulus - visceral layer of glomerular capsule

Question 31

Endothelium of glomerulus

Answer 31

Fensteated, allowing filtration but preventing passage of larger material such as cells and platelets

Question 32

Basement membrane of glomerulus

Answer 32

Porous; restricts the passageway of large proteins

Question 33

Pendickes are separated by thin membrane covered

Answer 33

Filtration slips

Question 34

Pendicles

Answer 34

Possession by pondicytes - wrap around glomerular capillaries

Question 35

Functions of nephrons

Answer 35

- glomerular filtration - tubular reabsorption - tubular secretion

Question 36

Glomerular filtrations

Answer 36

- water and dissolved solutes move out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space of the renal corpuscle due to pressure - once fluid leaves the plasma and enters the capsular space, it is called filtrate

Question 37

Tubular reabsortion

Answer 37

- the movement of substances form the tubular fluid back into the blood - most water and all needed solutes in the filtrate are reabsorbed

Question 38

Tubular secretion

Answer 38

Solutes are actively transported out of the blood and into the tubular fluid (urine)

Question 39

The urinary tract is composed of

Answer 39

- ureters - urinary bladder - urethra

Question 40

Wall of the urethra has three layers

Answer 40

Mucosa Muscularis Adventitia

Question 41

Mucosa

Answer 41

Transitional epithelium and lamina propina - rugae

Question 42

Muscularis

Answer 42

Inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer of smooth muscle - internal urtetral sphincter - external urethral spinchter

Question 43

Adventitia

Answer 43

Areolar connective tissue - serous

Question 44

Urethra female

Answer 44

- opening of the urethra is the external urethral orifce - wall of urethra consists of deep mucosa and a superficial Muscularis

Question 45

Urethra males

Answer 45

Divided into three regions - prostrate urethra - intermediate ( membranousate) - spongy urethra

Question 46

Prostatic urethra

Answer 46

Through prostate gland, transitions epithelial lining

Question 47

Membranous urethra

Answer 47

Short segment through the urogenitical diaphragm

Question 48

Spongy urethra

Answer 48

- long segment through erectile tissue of penis

Question 49

Linger urethra in

Answer 49

Males