Chapter 28: Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
Gonads
A
Female: ovaries
Make: testes
2
Q
Gametes
A
Female: oocytes
Male: sperm
3
Q
Gonads produce
A
Sex hormones, which affect the maturation, development,and activity of the reproductive organs
4
Q
Sexual intercourse is also called
A
Copulation
Coitus
5
Q
Puberty starts when the hypothalamus increases the release of
A
GnRH (gonadatropin releasing hormone)
6
Q
Changes at puberty
A
More release of GnRH
- external sex characteristics become prominat, reproductive organs become functional, gametes mature, and gonads secrete sex hormones
7
Q
GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secure
A
FSH and LH
8
Q
Ovary and testies
A
Produces tamales and sex hormones
9
Q
Clitoris and glands of the penis
A
Contains erectile tissue that stimulates sexual arousal and climax
10
Q
Labia minora and body of the penis
A
Contain erectile tissue that stimulates sexual arousal and climax
11
Q
Labia majora and scrotum
A
Protect and cover some reproductive structure
12
Q
Greater vestibular gland and bulbourethral gland
A
Secretes mucin for lunrication
13
Q
Functions of the female reproductive system
A
- produce ova
- secrete sex hormones
- receive spermatozoa
- site for fertilization and implantation of blastocyst
- development of embryo and fetus
- facilitate parturition
- provide nourishment for baby
14
Q
Primary sex organ in the females is
A
The ovaries
15
Q
Female accessory sex organs
A
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- vagina
- clitoris
- mammary glands
16
Q
Ovaries
A
Paired, oval organs slightly larger than an almond
17
Q
Mesovarium
A
A double food of peritoneum attached to an anterior ovary
18
Q
Broad ligament
A
Peritoneum draping uterus
19
Q
Ovarian ligament
A
Anchors ovary to lateral uterus
20
Q
Suspensory ligament
A
Attached the lateral ovary to the pelvic walk
21
Q
Each ovary is supplied by an
A
Ovarian artery and ovarian vein
22
Q
Germinal epithelium
A
Epithelial layer that Surrounds each ovary
23
Q
Deep to the germinal epithelium is a connective tissue capsule called
A
Tunics albuginea
24
Q
Ovary cortex contains
A
Follicles,
25
Ovary medulla contains
Connective tissue, blood vessels,
Lymph vessels, and nerves
26
Primordial follicles
Are most primitive
- consists of primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of sqoumous follicle cells
27
Primary follicle consists of
Primary oocytes surrounded by a sign,e layer of granulosa cells
28
Zona pellucida
Of glycoproteins surrounds the oocyte
29
Secondary follicle contains
A primary oocyte, many layers of granulosa cells, and same thecal cells
30
Antral follicle contains
Fluid filled antrum with granulosa cells
31
Corona radia
Is the innermost layer of granulosa cells that make up the cumulus oophorus surrounding a oocyte
32
A mature follicle contains
A secondary oocyte, numerous granulosa cells, and a large antrum
33
After the oocyte is ovulated, remnants of the follicle become
Corpus luteum
34
After the corpus lutenum breaks down it become a the
Corpus albicans
- connective scar
- reabsorbed
35
Corpus luteum secretes
Progesterone and estrogen
36
Ovulation
Mature (graafian) follicle ruptured
37
Function of uterine tubes/ fallopian tube / oviducts
Transport secondary oocytes and fertilized ovaries from ovaries to the uterus
38
Regions of the uterine tube include
- infundibulum
- ampulla
- isthmus
- uterine part
39
Infundibulum
Funnel shaped lateral margin of the tube with finger like projections called fumbriae
40
Ampulla
Expanded region medial to the infundibulum where fertilization typically occurs
41
Isthmus
Just medial to the ampulla and represents about 1/3 of the entire length of the uterine tube
42
Uterine part
Medial to isthmus, continuous with the uterus
43
Uterus / womb position
- normally angled anterosuperiorly across superior surface of the urinary bladder, a position referred to as anteverted
- if positioned postersuperiorly (projecting toward the rectum) the position is called retroverted
44
Uterine functions
- site of implantation
- supports and protects the developing embryo
- ejects the fetus during labour
45
Perimertrium
Outermost layer
- composed of series
46
Myomentrium
Thick middle tunic composed of smooth muscle capable of hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy
47
Endometrium
Mucosa of simple columnar epithelium and underlying laminate propria with uterine glands
48
Basal layer
Undergoes little change during the uterine cycle
49
Functional layer of endometrium
Changes thickness during the uterine cycle and is ahead as menses if fertilization and implantation don’t occur
50
Vagina functions
- receptacle for penis during sexual intercourse
- outlet for menstrual flow
- passageway for childbirth
51
Dendritic cells
Are antigen presenting cells
52
Mucosa of vagina contains
- large amounts of glycogen
- decomposition to produce organic acids
53
The vagina is (acidic/ basic)
Acidic
- retard microbial growth, but is also harmful to sperm
54
Bulbs of vestibule
Increase sensitivity during inter course
55
Moms pubis
Is an expanse of skin and subcutaneous connective tissue immediately anterior to the pubic symphysis
56
Labia majora
- paired, thicken food of skin covered with hair
- contains sebaceous and sweat glands
57
Labia minora
- highly vascularized
- contain many melanocytes
58
Space between the labia minora
Vestibule
59
Greater veeribular glands
Glands of bartholin
- secrete mucin to lubricant the vagina
60
Corpora cavernosa
Two small erectile bodies
61
Corpora cavernosa form
The body of the clitoris
62
Glans
Capping the body of penis and clitoris
63
Prepuce
An external food of the labia minora that folds a hoodlike covering over the clitoris
64
Alveoli in mammary glands
Within lobbies produces milk
65
Lactiferous sinus
Store milk
66
Lactiferous ducts
Carry milk to Lactiferous sinus
67
Areola
Pigmented portion around the Nicole’s, contains modified sebaceous glands
68
Testes
sperm and hormones
69
The duct system
Transports and stores sperm, assists in their maturation, and conveys them to the exterior
70
Semen
Contains sperm play secretions provided by the accessory sex glands
71
Penis
Delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
72
Scrotum
Supports the testes
- skin like sac that provides testes with a cooler environment than body temperature
73
Raphe
Midline ridge on the scrotum
74
Dartos muscle
Layer of smooth muscle that is part of the wall of the scrotum
75
Tunica vaginalis
Covers testes anteriorly and laterally
- has a parietal layer and a visceral layer
76
Interstitial (leydig’s) cells
Testosterone
77
Seminiferous tubules
Spermogenesis
78
Sertolic cells
Nouris, support and protect sperms
79
Corpus luteum function
Secretes estrogen and progesterone
80
Infundibulum
Funnel shaped lateral margin of the tube with finger like protections called fimbriae
81
Ampulla
Expanded region medial to infundibulum where fertilization typically occurs
82
Isthmus
Just medial to the ampulla and represents about one third of the entire length of uterine tubes
83
Uterine part
Medial to isthmus, continuous with the uterus
84
Round ligaments
Extends from lateral uterus, though inguinal canal, and attactch to labia majora
85
Transverse vertical ligaments
Cardinal ligaments
-attach to the cervix and superior vagina to the pelvic wall
86
Uterosacral ligaments
Sacrocervical ligaments
- connect the inferior portion of the uterus to the sacrum
87
Weakness of uterus support can result in
Prolapse
88
Vagina historology
Nonkertienized stratified squamous epithelium
89
Spermatic cord originates from
Inguinal canal
90
Spermatic cord consists of
- internal spermatic fascia
- cremaster muscle and cremastic fascia
- external spermatic fascia
- testicular artery
- pampiniform plexus
91
Internal spermatic fascia
From deep abdominal muscles
92
Cremaster muscle and cremaster is fascia
Form extension of internal oblique muscles and their aponeuroses
93
External spermatic fascia
Forms from aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
94
Testicular artery
Branch of the abdominal aorta
95
Pampinform plexus
A network of veins surrounding the testicular artery
96
Tunica albuginea
White finerous capsule deep tot rh tunica vaginalis that covers the testis
97
Mediastinum testis
Sure where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and some nerves enter
98
Septa
Subdivides to form about 250 lobules
99
Each lobule constrains up to four
Convoluted seminiferous tubules
100
Seminiferous tubules contains two types of cells
- sustentacukar cells
- germ cells
101
Sustentacular cells
No dividing support cells that assist with sperm development
- release inhibit when sperm count is high
- connected by junctions that for the blood testis barrier
102
Germ cells
Continuously produce sperm begginging at puberty
103
Interstitial spaces
Spaces surrounding seminiferous tubules
104
Interstitial cells
Produce a hormones called androgens
105
Fete testis
Receives sperm from seminiferous tubules
106
Efferent ductile
Connect the rete testis to the epididymis
107
Epididymis
Stores sperm cells and assists in their maturation
108
Sperm leaving the epididymis enter the
Ductus deferents (vas deference)
109
Ejactulatort duct
Conducts sperm and seminal vesicle secretions to the prostatic urethra
110
Urethra male
Transport semen form both ejactlaort ducts to the outside of the body
111
Accessory gland
Secrete fluids to mix with sperm and create seminal fluid
- seminal vesicles
- prostate gland
- bulbourethral glands
112
Seminal vesicles secrete
A viscous, white yellowisj, alkaline fluid containing fructose, prostaglandins, and bicarbonate
113
Prostate gland secretion
- slightly acidic and contains mucin, citric acid, seminalplasmin, and proststic specific antigen (PSA)
114
Prostatic specific antigen
An enzyme that help liquify sperm
115
Bulbourethral glands function
- secrete clear, viscous mucin to lubricators urethra prior to ejactualtion
116
Semen
- combination of sperm and seminal fluid released from the accessory glands
- ejaculated during intercourse
117
Tip of the penis
Glans
118
Shaft of the penis contains
- corpora coronasa
- corpus spongiosum (surrounds spongy urethra)
119
Venous spaces
Erectile bodies of the penis
- will with blood during erection
120
Ejaculation
Expelling of semen from the penis
- aided by the rhyming contraction of smooth muscle of the urethra
- sympathetic innervation is responsible for ejaculation
