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HLSC120: Human Anatomy > Chapter 28: Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 28: Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Gonads

A

Female: ovaries
Make: testes

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2
Q

Gametes

A

Female: oocytes
Male: sperm

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3
Q

Gonads produce

A

Sex hormones, which affect the maturation, development,and activity of the reproductive organs

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4
Q

Sexual intercourse is also called

A

Copulation
Coitus

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5
Q

Puberty starts when the hypothalamus increases the release of

A

GnRH (gonadatropin releasing hormone)

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6
Q

Changes at puberty

A

More release of GnRH
- external sex characteristics become prominat, reproductive organs become functional, gametes mature, and gonads secrete sex hormones

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7
Q

GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secure

A

FSH and LH

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8
Q

Ovary and testies

A

Produces tamales and sex hormones

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9
Q

Clitoris and glands of the penis

A

Contains erectile tissue that stimulates sexual arousal and climax

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10
Q

Labia minora and body of the penis

A

Contain erectile tissue that stimulates sexual arousal and climax

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11
Q

Labia majora and scrotum

A

Protect and cover some reproductive structure

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12
Q

Greater vestibular gland and bulbourethral gland

A

Secretes mucin for lunrication

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13
Q

Functions of the female reproductive system

A
  • produce ova
  • secrete sex hormones
  • receive spermatozoa
  • site for fertilization and implantation of blastocyst
  • development of embryo and fetus
  • facilitate parturition
  • provide nourishment for baby
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14
Q

Primary sex organ in the females is

A

The ovaries

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15
Q

Female accessory sex organs

A
  • uterine tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • clitoris
  • mammary glands
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16
Q

Ovaries

A

Paired, oval organs slightly larger than an almond

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17
Q

Mesovarium

A

A double food of peritoneum attached to an anterior ovary

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18
Q

Broad ligament

A

Peritoneum draping uterus

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19
Q

Ovarian ligament

A

Anchors ovary to lateral uterus

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20
Q

Suspensory ligament

A

Attached the lateral ovary to the pelvic walk

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21
Q

Each ovary is supplied by an

A

Ovarian artery and ovarian vein

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22
Q

Germinal epithelium

A

Epithelial layer that Surrounds each ovary

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23
Q

Deep to the germinal epithelium is a connective tissue capsule called

A

Tunics albuginea

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24
Q

Ovary cortex contains

A

Follicles,

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25
Q

Ovary medulla contains

A

Connective tissue, blood vessels,
Lymph vessels, and nerves

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26
Q

Primordial follicles

A

Are most primitive
- consists of primary oocytes surrounded by a single layer of sqoumous follicle cells

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27
Q

Primary follicle consists of

A

Primary oocytes surrounded by a sign,e layer of granulosa cells

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28
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Of glycoproteins surrounds the oocyte

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29
Q

Secondary follicle contains

A

A primary oocyte, many layers of granulosa cells, and same thecal cells

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30
Q

Antral follicle contains

A

Fluid filled antrum with granulosa cells

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31
Q

Corona radia

A

Is the innermost layer of granulosa cells that make up the cumulus oophorus surrounding a oocyte

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32
Q

A mature follicle contains

A

A secondary oocyte, numerous granulosa cells, and a large antrum

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33
Q

After the oocyte is ovulated, remnants of the follicle become

A

Corpus luteum

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34
Q

After the corpus lutenum breaks down it become a the

A

Corpus albicans
- connective scar
- reabsorbed

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35
Q

Corpus luteum secretes

A

Progesterone and estrogen

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36
Q

Ovulation

A

Mature (graafian) follicle ruptured

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37
Q

Function of uterine tubes/ fallopian tube / oviducts

A

Transport secondary oocytes and fertilized ovaries from ovaries to the uterus

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38
Q

Regions of the uterine tube include

A
  • infundibulum
  • ampulla
  • isthmus
  • uterine part
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39
Q

Infundibulum

A

Funnel shaped lateral margin of the tube with finger like projections called fumbriae

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40
Q

Ampulla

A

Expanded region medial to the infundibulum where fertilization typically occurs

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41
Q

Isthmus

A

Just medial to the ampulla and represents about 1/3 of the entire length of the uterine tube

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42
Q

Uterine part

A

Medial to isthmus, continuous with the uterus

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43
Q

Uterus / womb position

A
  • normally angled anterosuperiorly across superior surface of the urinary bladder, a position referred to as anteverted
  • if positioned postersuperiorly (projecting toward the rectum) the position is called retroverted
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44
Q

Uterine functions

A
  • site of implantation
  • supports and protects the developing embryo
  • ejects the fetus during labour
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45
Q

Perimertrium

A

Outermost layer
- composed of series

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46
Q

Myomentrium

A

Thick middle tunic composed of smooth muscle capable of hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy

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47
Q

Endometrium

A

Mucosa of simple columnar epithelium and underlying laminate propria with uterine glands

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48
Q

Basal layer

A

Undergoes little change during the uterine cycle

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49
Q

Functional layer of endometrium

A

Changes thickness during the uterine cycle and is ahead as menses if fertilization and implantation don’t occur

50
Q

Vagina functions

A
  • receptacle for penis during sexual intercourse
  • outlet for menstrual flow
  • passageway for childbirth
51
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Are antigen presenting cells

52
Q

Mucosa of vagina contains

A
  • large amounts of glycogen
  • decomposition to produce organic acids
53
Q

The vagina is (acidic/ basic)

A

Acidic
- retard microbial growth, but is also harmful to sperm

54
Q

Bulbs of vestibule

A

Increase sensitivity during inter course

55
Q

Moms pubis

A

Is an expanse of skin and subcutaneous connective tissue immediately anterior to the pubic symphysis

56
Q

Labia majora

A
  • paired, thicken food of skin covered with hair
  • contains sebaceous and sweat glands
57
Q

Labia minora

A
  • highly vascularized
  • contain many melanocytes
58
Q

Space between the labia minora

A

Vestibule

59
Q

Greater veeribular glands

A

Glands of bartholin
- secrete mucin to lubricant the vagina

60
Q

Corpora cavernosa

A

Two small erectile bodies

61
Q

Corpora cavernosa form

A

The body of the clitoris

62
Q

Glans

A

Capping the body of penis and clitoris

63
Q

Prepuce

A

An external food of the labia minora that folds a hoodlike covering over the clitoris

64
Q

Alveoli in mammary glands

A

Within lobbies produces milk

65
Q

Lactiferous sinus

A

Store milk

66
Q

Lactiferous ducts

A

Carry milk to Lactiferous sinus

67
Q

Areola

A

Pigmented portion around the Nicole’s, contains modified sebaceous glands

68
Q

Testes

A

sperm and hormones

69
Q

The duct system

A

Transports and stores sperm, assists in their maturation, and conveys them to the exterior

70
Q

Semen

A

Contains sperm play secretions provided by the accessory sex glands

71
Q

Penis

A

Delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

72
Q

Scrotum

A

Supports the testes
- skin like sac that provides testes with a cooler environment than body temperature

73
Q

Raphe

A

Midline ridge on the scrotum

74
Q

Dartos muscle

A

Layer of smooth muscle that is part of the wall of the scrotum

75
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

Covers testes anteriorly and laterally
- has a parietal layer and a visceral layer

76
Q

Interstitial (leydig’s) cells

A

Testosterone

77
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Spermogenesis

78
Q

Sertolic cells

A

Nouris, support and protect sperms

79
Q

Corpus luteum function

A

Secretes estrogen and progesterone

80
Q

Infundibulum

A

Funnel shaped lateral margin of the tube with finger like protections called fimbriae

81
Q

Ampulla

A

Expanded region medial to infundibulum where fertilization typically occurs

82
Q

Isthmus

A

Just medial to the ampulla and represents about one third of the entire length of uterine tubes

83
Q

Uterine part

A

Medial to isthmus, continuous with the uterus

84
Q

Round ligaments

A

Extends from lateral uterus, though inguinal canal, and attactch to labia majora

85
Q

Transverse vertical ligaments

A

Cardinal ligaments
-attach to the cervix and superior vagina to the pelvic wall

86
Q

Uterosacral ligaments

A

Sacrocervical ligaments
- connect the inferior portion of the uterus to the sacrum

87
Q

Weakness of uterus support can result in

A

Prolapse

88
Q

Vagina historology

A

Nonkertienized stratified squamous epithelium

89
Q

Spermatic cord originates from

A

Inguinal canal

90
Q

Spermatic cord consists of

A
  • internal spermatic fascia
  • cremaster muscle and cremastic fascia
  • external spermatic fascia
  • testicular artery
  • pampiniform plexus
91
Q

Internal spermatic fascia

A

From deep abdominal muscles

92
Q

Cremaster muscle and cremaster is fascia

A

Form extension of internal oblique muscles and their aponeuroses

93
Q

External spermatic fascia

A

Forms from aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

94
Q

Testicular artery

A

Branch of the abdominal aorta

95
Q

Pampinform plexus

A

A network of veins surrounding the testicular artery

96
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

White finerous capsule deep tot rh tunica vaginalis that covers the testis

97
Q

Mediastinum testis

A

Sure where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and some nerves enter

98
Q

Septa

A

Subdivides to form about 250 lobules

99
Q

Each lobule constrains up to four

A

Convoluted seminiferous tubules

100
Q

Seminiferous tubules contains two types of cells

A
  • sustentacukar cells
  • germ cells
101
Q

Sustentacular cells

A

No dividing support cells that assist with sperm development
- release inhibit when sperm count is high
- connected by junctions that for the blood testis barrier

102
Q

Germ cells

A

Continuously produce sperm begginging at puberty

103
Q

Interstitial spaces

A

Spaces surrounding seminiferous tubules

104
Q

Interstitial cells

A

Produce a hormones called androgens

105
Q

Fete testis

A

Receives sperm from seminiferous tubules

106
Q

Efferent ductile

A

Connect the rete testis to the epididymis

107
Q

Epididymis

A

Stores sperm cells and assists in their maturation

108
Q

Sperm leaving the epididymis enter the

A

Ductus deferents (vas deference)

109
Q

Ejactulatort duct

A

Conducts sperm and seminal vesicle secretions to the prostatic urethra

110
Q

Urethra male

A

Transport semen form both ejactlaort ducts to the outside of the body

111
Q

Accessory gland

A

Secrete fluids to mix with sperm and create seminal fluid
- seminal vesicles
- prostate gland
- bulbourethral glands

112
Q

Seminal vesicles secrete

A

A viscous, white yellowisj, alkaline fluid containing fructose, prostaglandins, and bicarbonate

113
Q

Prostate gland secretion

A
  • slightly acidic and contains mucin, citric acid, seminalplasmin, and proststic specific antigen (PSA)
114
Q

Prostatic specific antigen

A

An enzyme that help liquify sperm

115
Q

Bulbourethral glands function

A
  • secrete clear, viscous mucin to lubricators urethra prior to ejactualtion
116
Q

Semen

A
  • combination of sperm and seminal fluid released from the accessory glands
  • ejaculated during intercourse
117
Q

Tip of the penis

A

Glans

118
Q

Shaft of the penis contains

A
  • corpora coronasa
  • corpus spongiosum (surrounds spongy urethra)
119
Q

Venous spaces

A

Erectile bodies of the penis
- will with blood during erection

120
Q

Ejaculation

A

Expelling of semen from the penis
- aided by the rhyming contraction of smooth muscle of the urethra
- sympathetic innervation is responsible for ejaculation

HLSC120: Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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