Ch. 24: The Lymphatic System And Immunity Flashcards
Pathogens
Disease producing microbes
Susceptibility
Lack of resistance
Inate/ non-specific immunity
Non-adaptive
In born
Adaptive (specific) immunity
Specific recognition of the microbe
Excess intereticial fluid
Enters the lymph vessels
Lymphatic capillaries are also called
Lacteals
Lacteals
Absorb lipids in the intestine
Lymphatic organs aid in
The production and maturation of lymphocytes
What monitors foreign substances
Lymphocytes and macrophages
Tissues lacking lymphatic capillaries
- avascular tissues
- cartilage, epidermis, eye cornea, CNS, spleen, red bone marrow
Lacteal
Carry the lipids
Chyle
Lymph in the lacteals
Where do lymph vessels unite
Lymph trunks
Jugular trunks
The head and neck
Subclavian trunks
The upper limbs, breasts and superficial thoracic wall
Bronchomediastinal trunks
Deep thoracic structures
Intestinal trunks
Most abdominal structures
Lumbar trunks
Lower limbs, abdominopelvic wall and pelvic organs
Right lymphatic trunks
- deep to the clavicle and returns ly,ph at the junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular veins
- returns blood from the right side of the head and ek, the right upper limb and right side of the thorax
Thoracic duct
Largest lymph vessel
- begins in a rounded sac like structure called the cisterns chyli
- collects lymph from most of the body (excluding the right lymphatic duct drainage)
- returns lymph into the junction between the left subclavian and internal jugular veins
Right side trunks
Right Jugular, right Subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal - into interior jugular and subclavian veins)
Left side trunks
All five trunks
Macrophages
- monocytes that have left blood
- engulfs foreign substances; may present antigens to other lymphoid cells
Special epithelial cells ( nurse cells )
- secretory cells in the thymus
Dendritic cells
- internalize antigens and present them to lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
Most abundant lymphoid cells
T lymphocytes (T cells)
Virally infected cells and cancer cells
B lymphocytes (B cells)
Produce antibodies against bacteria
Natural killer (NK cells)
Cancer cells
Helper T lymphocytes
Imitates and oversees immune response
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Directly kills infected cells; must be activated by a helper T lymphocytes first
Memory T lymphocytes
A type of T lymphocytes that had already encountered an antigen; patrols the body seeking the same antigen again
Reglatory T lymphocytes
Helps “tun off” the immune response once it has been initiated
Plasma cell (B)
Produces and secretes antibodies
Memory B lymphocyte
Remembers an intimate antigen stack and mounts a faster, mute efficient response should the same antigen type attack again
Primary lymphatic organs
- bone marrow
- thymus
Secondary lymphatic organs
- lymph nodes
- spleen
Thymus
- site of t lymphocytes differentiation and maturation
- located at the top of the sternum, anterior to the top of the hesrt
Thymal cortex
- contains immature T cells migrate from red blood marrow
- nurse cells (thymic hormones)
- macrophages (phagocytosis)
Thymal medulla
- mature T cells
- epithelial cells
- thymic corpuscles/ nurse cells
Stroma
The parenchyma (functional tissue) of the lymph node
- is divided into a superficial cortex and a deep medulla
Hilum
Where the splenic artery and splenic vein enter the spleen
Capsule
- a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the spleen
White pulp
- stores lymphocytes (T & B) and macrophages
Functions of red pulp
- removes rupture, warn out, or defective blood cells and platelets by macrophages
- storage of platelets
- production of blood cells ( hemopoiesis) during fetal life
Splenic cords / billroth cord
- stores RBC, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and granulocytes
Functions of the spleen
Imitates immune response when antigens are found in blood
- serves as a reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets
- phagocytizes old, defective erythrocyte and platelets
- phagocytizes bacteria and other foreign materials
