Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HLSC120: Human Anatomy > Chapter 14: Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Neurology

A

A study of the normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The human nervous system consists of:

A

-The brain and cranial nerves
-spinal cord and spinal nerves
- ganglia
-enteric plexuses and sensory receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ganglia

A

Swelling/knot
- are masses of nervous tissue (cell neuron bodies) outside the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enteric plexuses

A

Are networks of neurons located in the walls of the GI tract organs; help regulate digestive system activities
- “Brian of the gut”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Sensory Receptors

A

Are specialized nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The CNS consists of the

A

Brian and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PNS

A

Cranial nerves (12)
Spinal nerves (31)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of motor and sensory neurons

A
  • collect information: receptors detect changes in environment and goes to CNS
  • process and evaluate information: CNS determines required response
  • initiate response: initiates impulses that PNS Carrie’s to effectors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Somatic sensory nervous system

A

Conscious
Touch, pain, pressure, vibration, proprioceptiom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Visceral sensory nervous system

A

Generally Unconscious of
Impulses form blood vessels and viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Somatic Motor Nervous system

A

Voluntary
Conducts impulses that cause the contraction of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Autonomic Motor nervous system

A

Involuntary
Conducts impulses that regulate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sensory receptors function

A
  • Detect stimuli in the internal and external environments
  • transmitted by affrent neurons to the brain and spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Interneurons

A
  • Analyze information and provide perception
  • stores some of it
  • makes decisions regarding appropriate behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Motor neurons

A
  • efferent
  • respond to integration decisions by initiating effectors ( including muscle fibres and gland at cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Somatic sensory neurons

A

Convey information from sensory receptors in the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, and for special senses ( vision, hearing, taste, smell) to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Somatic Motor Neurons

A

Convey information from the CNS to skeletal muscles only
- output of information that results in muscular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Autonomic sensory neurons

A

(visceral)
- conveys information mainly from visceral organs( smooth muscle, organs in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis) to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Autonomic Motor Neurons

A

Convey information from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Branches of Autonomic Nervous system

A
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sympathetic neurons

A

Fight or flight
- increase heart rate
Support excessive or emergency action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parasympathetic Neurons

A

Rest and digest
- slow it down
- “ takes care of” activities

24
Q

ENS sensory neurons

A
  • monitors chemical changes within the GI tract and the stretching of the walls
25
Q

ENS Motor Neurons

A
  • govern contraction of the GI tract smooth muscle and secretions of acid from the stomach, and endocrine cells.
26
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Vascular
Compromised of two cells
- neurons
- neuroglia

27
Q

Neurons

A
  • highly specialized
  • cannot go under meotic division
  • electrically excitable: initiate, transmit, and receive nerve impulses
28
Q

Glial Cells

A
  • non excitable
  • Support, nourish, protects neurons, and maintains interstitial fluid
  • Continue to divide
    Found in both the CNS and PNS

** tumours are more likely to be deprived from glial cells then a neurons

29
Q

Neuron Special Characteristics

A
  • high metabolic rate
  • extreme longevity
  • nonmiotic
  • excitable
  • conductive
30
Q

Neuron structure

A

Contain:
- cell body (soma)
- nucleus and nucleolus
- Chromatophilic substance
- Dendrites
- Axon
- mitochondria

31
Q

Chromatophilic Substance

A

Free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum

32
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive signals and transfer them to the cell body

33
Q

Axon

A

Transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body and towards other cells

34
Q

Region where axon connects to the cell body

A

Hillock

35
Q

Axon collaterals

A

Side branches of the main axon

36
Q

Terminal arborizations

A

Extensions at the end of the axon

37
Q

Synaptic knobs

A

Expanded regions at the tip of the axon

38
Q

Perikaryon

A

Cytoplasm within the cell body

39
Q

Neurofilaments

A

Intermediate filaments that form neurofibrils, which help support cell extensions

40
Q

Cell bodies

A

Protein synthesis

41
Q

Dendrite

A

Recovering / input zone

42
Q

Axon

A

Output zone

43
Q

Examples of neurotransmitters

A
  • acetylcholine
  • aspartame
  • glycine
  • dopamine
  • endorphins
  • glutamate
  • GABA
  • norepinephrine
  • seratonin
  • nitric oxide
44
Q

Neuron classification

A

Depends on a number of processes extending from the cell body
Include:
- unipolar
- bipolar
- multipolar

45
Q

Unipolar

A
  • single, short process branches like a T from the cell body
  • the process is an axon with peripheral and central process
46
Q

Bipolar

A
  • two process, one dendrite and one axon
47
Q

Multipolar

A
  • many dendrites and a single axon
  • most common type of neuron
48
Q

Glial cells of the CNS

A
  • astrocytes
  • oligodendrocytes
  • microglia
  • ependymal cells
49
Q

Glial Cells: PNS

A
  • Schwann cells
  • satellite cells
50
Q

Astrocytes

A
  • processes of astrocytes make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the Pina mater
    Two types:
  • photoplasnic ( grey matter)
  • fibrous (white matter)
51
Q

Functions of astrocytes

A
  • help form the BB
  • regulate tissue fluid composition
  • form a structural network
  • replace damaged neurons
  • assist neuronal development
  • help regulate synaptic transmission
  • change synapse numbers
52
Q

Ependymal cells

A
  • collated cuboidal epithelial cells
  • line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord
  • help produce cerebral spinal fluid
    Help form choroid plexus
53
Q

Microglia

A
  • originate in the red bone marrow and migrate to the CNS as it developed
  • function and phagocytes: remove cellular debris, microbes, and damaged nervous tissue
54
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A
  • only CNS
  • wrap themselves around the axons
  • produce myelin (insulator of electrical activity)
55
Q

Satellite cells

A
  • surround cell bodies of neurons of 5e PNS
  • regulate fluid around neuron cell bodies in the PNS
56
Q

Neurolemmocytes / Schwann cells

A
  • encircle axons in the PNS and for the myelin sheath
  • participate in axon regeneration

HLSC120: Human Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions