Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is the purpose of Psychometric theories
- uses patterns of test perfomance as a starting point to answer questions
- test that are designed to help us assess intelligence.
Types of pscyhometric tests
Sperman
Thurstone
Hierarchical theories (Carroll’s theory)
Sperman theory
Provides a measure of general intelligence
general intelligence = problem solving, cognitive capabilities, ability to think things through
Thurston theory
says that we have a specific intelligence = things that we have learned
eg. word comprehension, vocabulary
What is different about Carroll’s theory?
its a compromise between Sperman (general) and Thustone (specific)
Fluid vs Crystallized
- Fluid: Ability to perceive relations among stimuli
–> Problem solving, something that no one can really teach you how to do
Crystallized : knowlegde and skills accumulated within one’s culture
–> things that I would have learned
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
there are 9 types of intelligence
what are the 9 intelligences
linguistic: use language effectively and creatively.
logical-mathematical:logical reasoning, problem-solving, and mathematical calculations
spatial: involves visualizing and manipulating objects in one’s mind.
musical: ability to understand, create, and interpret music.
bodily-kinesthetic: involves using one’s body effectively, whether in sports, dance, or hand-eye coordination activities.
Interpersonal: capacity to understand and interact effectively with others , often empathetic and skilled at communication
intrapersonal: related to self-awareness and understanding one’s own emotions, motivations, and goals.
naturalistic: relates to recognizing, categorizing, and understanding nature and living things. connected to the environment
existential: involves contemplating deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life and death.
What is the second aspect of intelligence according to Gardner
Emotional Intelligence
What is emotional intelligence
Ability to perceive emotions accurately, understand emotions, and regulate emotions
- They can talk to somebody and be able to recognize their non verbal emotions – they also have ability to be flexible with their response
- these are people who are good at validating – understand the emotion.
Emotional Intelligence and Indigenous children
- trauma within indigenous people, harder to show emotions – can trickle down multiple generations
Sternberg theory of successful Intelligence
Requires 3 types of abilities:
Analytic
Creative
Practical
Analytic Ability
can analyze and generate different solutions
Creative ability
can be flexible in your approach and problem solving
Practical ability
knowing which solutions will work and which will not work
IQ is short for
Inteliigence quotient
What differs the IQ from the other types of intelligence
IQ is a test used to predict academic success
Binet and the development of intelligence testing
- used Mental age to distinguish bright from dull children
- Led to the Standford-Binet
What is the average IQ
100
What is WISC-V short for
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V
it includes subtests for 5 cognitive domains and an overall score
What makes Wisc-v important
- starts at the age 6
- the test starts to become more stable and reliable
Flynn Effect
Increases in IQ scores over time
: our IQ getting higher but were comparing them to other kids our age
academic expectations changes overtime,
Impact of ethnicity
- IQ scores developed in NA and a lot of samples were using white people .. this indicates a cultural bias
– Meaning we are not tapping in into things that are important in other cultures
– Testing in a way we assume that they have learned the same way is UNFAIR
culture fair intelligence tests
includes test items based on experiences common to many cultures
also looking at samples and recognizing the need of diversity in samples
-made to reduce differences but doesnt eliminate them
Impact on socioeconomic status
lower Socio econo individuals tend to score lower Because…
- Lack of funds,
- Priorities (just trying to surviving) not money to enrich intelligence
- Lack of eating, breakfast or lunch.
Stereotype threat
knowledge of stereotypes leads to anxiety and reduced performance
if you are a child doing a test with someone who seems different than you, there may be ideas for yourself on how the person might perceive you!
Gifted children
also known as Exceptionally talented children
- someone with scores of minimum 130
More characteristics about Gifted kids
- have abilities substantially above average
- are passionate about learning
- come up with novel thoughts and actions (divergent thinking)
- must be encouraged and supported to be successful
What is divergent thinking
creative thinking, flexibility in their support
Example of divergent testing
creativity with a page of circle
Intellectual disability
limitations in intellectual ability,
problems adapting to an environment, with both emerging before 18 years of age
here IQ can be less than 7 percentile but we also need to consider other lower adaptive functioning aka life skills
Example of Intellectual disability
Down Syndrome
What is learning disorder
Children with:
- have difficulty mastering an academic subject
- have normal intelligence, high average or gifted
- absence of other conditions that explain their difficulties
basically you have the potential to do well but you are not performing at the level expected
Example of disabilities in children with learning disorder
developmental dyslexia, impaired reading comprehension, and mathematical learning disability or developmental dyscalculia
