Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is habituation
when baby recognizes something, it will not pay much attention to it. But when it sees something new, it will stop and focus on it until they habituate
What are the smells that babies prefer?
sweet smells and taste (best to introduce bland food first)
Mother smells : this helps them with feeding, survival
What is auditory threshold
the quietest sound a person can hear
what type of hearing do infants prefer
human speech pitch – when we talk to baby, it is
recommended to do parent ease aka baby talk .
benefits of baby talk
Slow, high pitch voice, repeat words, not talk in full sentence, emphasis on couple of words ..
- This is helpful for baby to learn
- keeps them interested, helps them understand
What are causes of hearing impairments
heredity or diseases like meningitis
What is visual acuity
: The smallest pattern that can be dependably distinguished
it improves overtime (1 month to 1 year)
babies prefet sharp contrasts
When does colour perception develop?
By 3 or 4 months it reaches adult level
Integrating sensory information
multimedia events = perceive relations between sensory systems
incorporating more than 1 system
What are the cues (think pencil)
MCAT - needs to share same features to be same object
Motion
colour
aligned edges
texture
Shape constancy
Even though the door appears to change shape as it opens, we know that it really remains a rectangle.
Depth perception
visual cliff ; infants develop a sense of depth perception every time they develop a skill eg. crawling, walking, etc.
perceiving face characteristics
infants prefer looking at unscrambled (normal faces) , attractive faces
prefer parents, own race
as they have more time/ experience with visual acuity, their fine tune face recognition skills gets better
What is a disorder linked to perceiving face
ASD - having deficits in perception of objects and faces
- being less likely to pick up facial cues, interpreting subtleties
Types of motor skills
Fine motor = , tieying shoes, getting dressed
Gross Motor = Larger muscles, running, jumping, Rolling over, sitting, crawling, cruising, walking, jumping, climbing, running
How to develop fine motor
when little they have little control over fine motor skills.
As they get older, it develops .. Ways to get infants (7-9 months) to get them to develop motor skills –> playing with playdoh, encourage them to eat (solids eg. Banana, strawberry), toys, teaching how to write
Attention
process of selecting information that will be processed further
Variabilities with attentions
males vs females : ADHD we compare per sex cus theres differences with expectations
- pretend play –> helps develop attention.. Eg. Playing house (being dog, and having to pay attention
- reminding them to pay attention --> addressing them to look at you because you are saying something . Getting them to focus. - Teaching strategies to be attentive ->
ADHD
different between boys and girls
heredity is important factor
treated through drugs and psychosocial treatment
important to acknowledge strength of the child due to ADHD -
Why is adhd overdiagnosed
we looked at symptoms without looking at other options that is linked to attention deficit
theres countless of disorders linked with attention challenges including nutrition and lack of sleep
Locomotion
Dynamic systems theory
requires component skills
culture can either accelerate or delay
What are component skills for locomotion
posture
balance
stepping
processing environnemental cues
what are the component for coordination
differentiation = mastery of component skills
integration = combining them into a whole
how many milestones in motor development
12 stages
Fetal posture
Chin up
Chest up
Reach and miss
Sit and support
Sit on lap, grasp object
Sit alone
Stand with help
Crawl
Pull to stand by furniture
Stand alone
Walk alone
Fine motor and technology
can be negative on development and the strength in finger muscles
- lack of using specific fine motor muscles due to the use of phones, screens
Hand preference
develops during preschool years
it is due to both heredity and culture (eg. it is more common to encourage right handedness making most of the population right handed)
Participating in sports
with positive adults
teaches cognitive and social skills
increases feelings of competency and self esteem
reduces suicide
Why is specilization too early in 1 sport detrimental
Brings more pressure,
haven’t had the chance to experience other sports,
feeling stuck in it,
can limit the plasticity of brain development (overdevelop some brain muscles and under develop other muscles)
Dynamic system theory
= involving many distinct skills to meet specific tasks
