Chapter 5

Question 1

What is habituation

Answer 1

when baby recognizes something, it will not pay much attention to it. But when it sees something new, it will stop and focus on it until they habituate

Question 2

What are the smells that babies prefer?

Answer 2

sweet smells and taste (best to introduce bland food first)

Mother smells : this helps them with feeding, survival

Question 3

What is auditory threshold

Answer 3

the quietest sound a person can hear

Question 4

what type of hearing do infants prefer

Answer 4

human speech pitch – when we talk to baby, it is
recommended to do parent ease aka baby talk .

Question 5

benefits of baby talk

Answer 5

Slow, high pitch voice, repeat words, not talk in full sentence, emphasis on couple of words ..

• This is helpful for baby to learn
• keeps them interested, helps them understand

Question 6

What are causes of hearing impairments

Answer 6

heredity or diseases like meningitis

Question 7

What is visual acuity

Answer 7

: The smallest pattern that can be dependably distinguished

it improves overtime (1 month to 1 year)

babies prefet sharp contrasts

Question 8

When does colour perception develop?

Answer 8

By 3 or 4 months it reaches adult level

Question 9

Integrating sensory information

Answer 9

multimedia events = perceive relations between sensory systems

incorporating more than 1 system

Question 10

What are the cues (think pencil)

Answer 10

MCAT - needs to share same features to be same object

Motion

colour

aligned edges

texture

Question 11

Shape constancy

Answer 11

Even though the door appears to change shape as it opens, we know that it really remains a rectangle.

Question 12

Depth perception

Answer 12

visual cliff ; infants develop a sense of depth perception every time they develop a skill eg. crawling, walking, etc.

Question 13

perceiving face characteristics

Answer 13

infants prefer looking at unscrambled (normal faces) , attractive faces

prefer parents, own race

as they have more time/ experience with visual acuity, their fine tune face recognition skills gets better

Question 14

What is a disorder linked to perceiving face

Answer 14

ASD - having deficits in perception of objects and faces

• being less likely to pick up facial cues, interpreting subtleties

Question 15

Types of motor skills

Answer 15

Fine motor = , tieying shoes, getting dressed

Gross Motor = Larger muscles, running, jumping, Rolling over, sitting, crawling, cruising, walking, jumping, climbing, running

Question 16

How to develop fine motor

Answer 16

when little they have little control over fine motor skills.

As they get older, it develops .. Ways to get infants (7-9 months) to get them to develop motor skills –> playing with playdoh, encourage them to eat (solids eg. Banana, strawberry), toys, teaching how to write

Question 17

Attention

Answer 17

process of selecting information that will be processed further

Variabilities with attentions
males vs females : ADHD we compare per sex cus theres differences with expectations
- pretend play –> helps develop attention.. Eg. Playing house (being dog, and having to pay attention

- reminding them to pay attention --> addressing them to look at you because you are saying something . Getting them to focus. 

- Teaching strategies to be attentive ->

Question 18

ADHD

Answer 18

different between boys and girls

heredity is important factor

treated through drugs and psychosocial treatment

important to acknowledge strength of the child due to ADHD -

Question 19

Why is adhd overdiagnosed

Answer 19

we looked at symptoms without looking at other options that is linked to attention deficit

theres countless of disorders linked with attention challenges including nutrition and lack of sleep

Question 20

Locomotion

Answer 20

Dynamic systems theory

requires component skills

culture can either accelerate or delay

Question 21

What are component skills for locomotion

Answer 21

posture

balance

stepping

processing environnemental cues

Question 22

what are the component for coordination

Answer 22

differentiation = mastery of component skills

integration = combining them into a whole

Question 23

how many milestones in motor development

Answer 23

12 stages

Fetal posture
Chin up
Chest up
Reach and miss
Sit and support
Sit on lap, grasp object
Sit alone
Stand with help
Crawl
Pull to stand by furniture
Stand alone
Walk alone

Question 24

Fine motor and technology

Answer 24

can be negative on development and the strength in finger muscles

• lack of using specific fine motor muscles due to the use of phones, screens

Question 25

Hand preference

Answer 25

develops during preschool years

it is due to both heredity and culture (eg. it is more common to encourage right handedness making most of the population right handed)

Question 26

Participating in sports

Answer 26

with positive adults

teaches cognitive and social skills

increases feelings of competency and self esteem

reduces suicide

Question 27

Why is specilization too early in 1 sport detrimental

Answer 27

Brings more pressure,

haven’t had the chance to experience other sports,

feeling stuck in it,

can limit the plasticity of brain development (overdevelop some brain muscles and under develop other muscles)

Question 28

Dynamic system theory

Answer 28

= involving many distinct skills to meet specific tasks