Chapter 7

Question 1

How does memory strategies change?

Answer 1

Metacognitive knowledge
Metamemory

Question 2

Metacognitive knowledge

Answer 2

• (knowledge and awareness of cognitive strategies) aka the ability to be aware of their own cognitive strategies …
• it improves with age

Question 3

Metamemory

Answer 3

• understanding of own memory
• develops in parallel with metacognitive knowledge

Question 4

What is elaboration

Answer 4

• embellishing information to be remembered to make it more memorable
• eg. Textbook helps to better understanding

Question 5

Flow of connection between goals, strategies, and monitoring

Answer 5

Determine goal –> Select strategy (eg rehearsal) –> Use strategy –> Monitor Strategy and if it’s effective we use the strategy. If its ineffective, we go back to square 1

Question 6

How does memory work, anatomically

Answer 6

Hippocampus (initial storage of information)

Frontal cortex: develops later, related to the retrieval of stored memories (long term)

Question 7

purpose of memory strategies

Answer 7

Activities that promote remembering

Question 8

Scripts

Answer 8

Memory structure that that describe the sequence in which events occur

Question 9

autobiographical memory

Answer 9

People’s memory of their own lives –

Question 10

True/False: Interactions with others (i.e., parents) are important for autobiographical memory

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Distortion of memory recall

Answer 11

Someone can repeat a story and as they repeat, the story changes

this develop false memories and you believe it is the actual story causing the distortion

Question 12

Infantile amnesia

Answer 12

inability to remember events from early in life

Question 13

when should the first memories appear?

Answer 13

first memories are around 3 or 4 yrs , it can be younger too but if we are unable to remember anything that happened = infantile amnesia

Question 14

What we know about preschoolers’ testimonies

Answer 14

can be distorted by adult suggestions or by learned stereotypes

Question 15

What does successful problem solving depends on

Answer 15

It depends on knowledge specific to the problem and general processes

Problem solving requires to have some sort of experience

Question 16

Problem solving strategies for children and adolescents

Answer 16

Heurisitcs : eg. rule of thumb method that is based on personal experience

analytical problem solving incorporating logical and mathematical rules (more effortful)

collaboration and support - helping kids problem solve

Question 17

How to improve Reading

Answer 17

Pre reading skill (phonological awareness )

Question 18

What is Phonological awareness

Answer 18

• ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words
• knowing letters and letter sounds - it is a key method of catching adhd because some kids cannot absorb these information

Question 19

What is word recognition

Answer 19

process of identifying a unique pattern of letters

Question 20

What is comprehension

Answer 20

process of extracting meaning from a sequence of words

Question 21

Reading and indigenous children

Answer 21

at disadvantage in mainstream schooling

ways to improve is to link it with cultural traditions

Question 22

How to improve writing

Answer 22

strategies for planning, drafting, and revising

Question 23

What are the 3 basic principles for early counting (foundation)

Answer 23

One to one principle

Stable ordre principle

Cardinality principle

Question 24

1 to 1 principle

Answer 24

e.g. we know there’s one number between 1 and 2, one number between 2 and 3, etc.

Each item is assigned to a number

Question 25

Stable order principle

Answer 25

e.g. when counting chairs, I will count 1, 2, ,3 , 4 and not 3 ,6, 2

• we always count in a specific order

Question 26

Cardinality principle

Answer 26

e.g. Whenever you stop counting, that tells you the number of objects u are counting

Question 27

New method of teaching

Answer 27

• math: Using different methods , learning styles

Question 28

importance of the learning the foundation eg for math

Answer 28

• helps us to build from that foundation

Question 29

Disadvantages of viewing tv at a young age

Answer 29

• promotes passive learning
• limits socialization, active learning

Question 30

Computer - disadvantages

Answer 30

• we cannot filter the informations they receive so they may not find the right information