Chapter 7 Flashcards
How does memory strategies change?
Metacognitive knowledge
Metamemory
Metacognitive knowledge
- (knowledge and awareness of cognitive strategies) aka the ability to be aware of their own cognitive strategies …
- it improves with age
Metamemory
- understanding of own memory
- develops in parallel with metacognitive knowledge
What is elaboration
- embellishing information to be remembered to make it more memorable
- eg. Textbook helps to better understanding
Flow of connection between goals, strategies, and monitoring
Determine goal –> Select strategy (eg rehearsal) –> Use strategy –> Monitor Strategy and if it’s effective we use the strategy. If its ineffective, we go back to square 1
How does memory work, anatomically
Hippocampus (initial storage of information)
Frontal cortex: develops later, related to the retrieval of stored memories (long term)
purpose of memory strategies
Activities that promote remembering
Scripts
Memory structure that that describe the sequence in which events occur
autobiographical memory
People’s memory of their own lives –
True/False: Interactions with others (i.e., parents) are important for autobiographical memory
True
Distortion of memory recall
Someone can repeat a story and as they repeat, the story changes
this develop false memories and you believe it is the actual story causing the distortion
Infantile amnesia
inability to remember events from early in life
when should the first memories appear?
first memories are around 3 or 4 yrs , it can be younger too but if we are unable to remember anything that happened = infantile amnesia
What we know about preschoolers’ testimonies
can be distorted by adult suggestions or by learned stereotypes
What does successful problem solving depends on
It depends on knowledge specific to the problem and general processes
Problem solving requires to have some sort of experience
Problem solving strategies for children and adolescents
Heurisitcs : eg. rule of thumb method that is based on personal experience
analytical problem solving incorporating logical and mathematical rules (more effortful)
collaboration and support - helping kids problem solve
How to improve Reading
Pre reading skill (phonological awareness )
What is Phonological awareness
- ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words
- knowing letters and letter sounds - it is a key method of catching adhd because some kids cannot absorb these information
What is word recognition
process of identifying a unique pattern of letters
What is comprehension
process of extracting meaning from a sequence of words
Reading and indigenous children
at disadvantage in mainstream schooling
ways to improve is to link it with cultural traditions
How to improve writing
strategies for planning, drafting, and revising
What are the 3 basic principles for early counting (foundation)
One to one principle
Stable ordre principle
Cardinality principle
1 to 1 principle
e.g. we know there’s one number between 1 and 2, one number between 2 and 3, etc.
Each item is assigned to a number
Stable order principle
e.g. when counting chairs, I will count 1, 2, ,3 , 4 and not 3 ,6, 2
- we always count in a specific order
Cardinality principle
e.g. Whenever you stop counting, that tells you the number of objects u are counting
New method of teaching
- math: Using different methods , learning styles
importance of the learning the foundation eg for math
- helps us to build from that foundation
Disadvantages of viewing tv at a young age
- promotes passive learning
- limits socialization, active learning
Computer - disadvantages
- we cannot filter the informations they receive so they may not find the right information
