Chapter 2

Question 1

How many chromosomes does a gamete have

Answer 1

23 from each (sperm and egg)
together we get 23 pairs
22 are autosomes
1 is sex chromosomes

Question 2

WHat is a gene

Answer 2

Genes are sections of the DNA strands

Question 3

What is genotype

Answer 3

Genotype is one’s complete set of genes

Question 4

what is phenotype

Answer 4

Phenotype is one’s physical, behavioural, and psychological features, which result from interactions between genes and the environment

Question 5

What is incomplete dominance

Answer 5

One allele doesn’t dominate the other completely

Question 6

What is an example of incomplete dominance

Answer 6

Sickle cell - where both alleles (healthy and non healthy) are present

Question 7

Are disorders mostly recessive or dominant

Answer 7

recessive homozygous eg. Cystic fibrosis, PKU, albinism, Taysach

Question 8

What is Down Syndrome

Answer 8

extra 21st chromsomes

Question 9

What is behavioural genetics

Answer 9

branch of genetics that deals with the inheritance of behavioural and psychological traits (eg. Timidity)

Question 10

What is polygenic inheritance

Answer 10

which involves many genes

Question 11

What is monozygotic and Dizygotic?

Answer 11

Monozygotic (identical) twins come from one fertilized egg

Dizygotic (fraternal) twins come from two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm

Question 12

Adoption and influence of heredity

Answer 12

If an adopted child’s behaviour resembles the biological parents, this shows the impact of heredity

If the adopted child’s behaviour resembles the adoptive parents, this shows the influence of the environment

Question 13

What is the reaction range

Answer 13

same genotype can produce a range of phenotypes in reaction to environment

eg. if both parents are average cognitively, but they provide a lot of opportunities to the child (everything to increase cogntivie abilities), the child will be at the top end of its genetic range (according to what transcends genetically from the parents)

• What are we born with, what is our potential and environnement will help in determining where we are on that range

Question 14

What is epigenetic

Answer 14

continuous interplay between genes and multiple levels of the environment that drives development

Question 15

What is Methylation

Answer 15

genes are “turned off” by experiences

Question 16

What is heritability coefficient

Answer 16

used for comparation between twins and adoptive studies

it coefficients estimate the extent to which differences between people reflect heredity.

Question 17

What is Niche picking

Answer 17

deliberately seeking environments that fit one’s heredity … where we tend to find opportunity that fit with our natural abilities

• Eg. Tigerwood good golfer and now his son is a golfer.
  But there are times where a parent might want their kid. To do something but the kids says they will not be good at it (this isn’t who I am)