Chapter 2 Flashcards
How many chromosomes does a gamete have
23 from each (sperm and egg)
together we get 23 pairs
22 are autosomes
1 is sex chromosomes
WHat is a gene
Genes are sections of the DNA strands
What is genotype
Genotype is one’s complete set of genes
what is phenotype
Phenotype is one’s physical, behavioural, and psychological features, which result from interactions between genes and the environment
What is incomplete dominance
One allele doesn’t dominate the other completely
What is an example of incomplete dominance
Sickle cell - where both alleles (healthy and non healthy) are present
Are disorders mostly recessive or dominant
recessive homozygous eg. Cystic fibrosis, PKU, albinism, Taysach
What is Down Syndrome
extra 21st chromsomes
What is behavioural genetics
branch of genetics that deals with the inheritance of behavioural and psychological traits (eg. Timidity)
What is polygenic inheritance
which involves many genes
What is monozygotic and Dizygotic?
Monozygotic (identical) twins come from one fertilized egg
Dizygotic (fraternal) twins come from two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm
Adoption and influence of heredity
If an adopted child’s behaviour resembles the biological parents, this shows the impact of heredity
If the adopted child’s behaviour resembles the adoptive parents, this shows the influence of the environment
What is the reaction range
same genotype can produce a range of phenotypes in reaction to environment
eg. if both parents are average cognitively, but they provide a lot of opportunities to the child (everything to increase cogntivie abilities), the child will be at the top end of its genetic range (according to what transcends genetically from the parents)
- What are we born with, what is our potential and environnement will help in determining where we are on that range
What is epigenetic
continuous interplay between genes and multiple levels of the environment that drives development
What is Methylation
genes are “turned off” by experiences
What is heritability coefficient
used for comparation between twins and adoptive studies
it coefficients estimate the extent to which differences between people reflect heredity.
What is Niche picking
deliberately seeking environments that fit one’s heredity … where we tend to find opportunity that fit with our natural abilities
- Eg. Tigerwood good golfer and now his son is a golfer.
But there are times where a parent might want their kid. To do something but the kids says they will not be good at it (this isn’t who I am)
