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PSY 2105 > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of emotions

A

helps humans adapt to their environment

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2
Q

What are the functions of emotions

A

fear = protect us from danger
- fight or flight/freeze
-body reaction to false alarm (perception)

happiness = strengthen social relationships
-we will be more likely to engage in social conversation

disgust = prevent exposure to potential harm substance that can make us ill

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3
Q

What are the basic emotions

A

they are universal, subjectif feeling:

  • Interest
  • Disgust
  • Sadness
  • Fear
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4
Q

What are the early emotional milestones

A

2 to 3 months: babies start to smile in response to your smile

6 months: stranger wariness develops

later childhood : complex emotions appear

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5
Q

What is stranger wariness

A

fear of strangers

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6
Q

What are the complex emotions that children develop

A

embarrassment, pride, guilt

they are more related to self consciousness

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7
Q

more on experience and expressing emotions for kids 9 years and up

A

at 9 yrs , they experience relief and regret

children experience many emotions in response to situations . eg. fear

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8
Q

emotions and cultural influences

A

cultures can trigger emotions differently

emotional expression varies : eg. asian culture value emotional restraint aka keeping emotions in and not overly expressing them

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9
Q

recognition and use of emotion

A

4 to 6 months: is when you can start to identify facial expressions linked to emotions (social referencing)

in elementary school, kids understand that we experience mixed emotions

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10
Q

What is social referencing

A

Relying on caregiver cues to interpret unfamiliar situations.

Looking at surrounding peoples emotions to interpret your emotions.

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11
Q

Regulating emotions

A
  • Before infants looked away when they encounter something frightening or confusing.
  • they will also move closer to parent for protection and effort
  • eventually they rely less on others and starts to regulate their own emotions
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12
Q

What is poor regulation of emotions linked to

A

Peer interaction challenges

Adjustment diffuclties

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13
Q

What is temperament

A
  • behavioural styles that are fairly stable across situations
  • they are also biologically based
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14
Q

What are the patterns of temperament

A

According to Thomas and Chess, the patterns were established based off 9 dimensions .

Easy

Difficult

Slow to warm up

  • they looked at biological based behavioural styles and consistency across the situations :
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15
Q

Easy babies

A

Most common

  • usually happy,
  • cheerful,
  • adjusted well in new situation,
  • had regular routines for sleep, ear, toileting
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16
Q

Difficult babies

A

less common

  • unhappy,
  • irregular in routines (eating and sleeping)
  • responded intensely to unfamiliar situation
17
Q

Slow to warm up babies

A

also less common

  • A bit like difficult babies (often unhappy) but they were not upset by unfamiliar situations
  • they were only cautious with low activity level
18
Q

Temperament and hereditary influences

A

twin studies : identical twins are more alike in most aspects of temperament than fraternal

genetic impact varies by dimension and age

19
Q

Environmental contributions for temperament on genetics and biology

A

Parents behavior

genetic effects can be amplified

temperament can make children more environmentally susceptible

20
Q

Stability of temperament

A
  • moderately stable through infancy but it is more consistent in preschool
  • inhibited toddlers are most likely to become introverts as adults (they respond more strongly to unfamiliar stimuli)
  • However, research reveals that temperament is not related to adult personality
21
Q

Children with positive temperamment

A

they tend to be less affected by life stressors

22
Q

What is attachment

A

enduring social-emotional relationship between infant and parent

  • relies upon the infant growing perceptual and cognitive skills
23
Q

Western societal pattern

A

7 months : infants have identified a single attachment figure ( primary attachment figure)

  • Usually first attach to mothers, then to fathers
  • they prefer to play with fathers but prefer mothers for comfort
24
Q

Indigenous fathers involvement in attachments

A

showed challenges due to the disruption of “colonial interventions”, requiring culturally sensitive approach to overcoming difficulties in relationships with their children

25
Q

The Quality of Attachment

A

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation task:
puts baby through a series of situations (parent absent/present) and (stranger absent/present )

  • the baby’s reactions are measured to test the quality of attachement
26
Q

Steps in strange situation

A

1) Shows the experimental room to mother and infant, then leaves the room.

2) Infant is allowed to explore the playroom for 3 minutes and mother watches but does not participate.

3) A stranger enters the room and remains silent, then talks to the baby, and then approaches the baby. Mother leaves unobtrusively.

4) stranger does not play with baby but tries to comfort it if necessary.

5) After 3 minutes, mother comes back, and consoles the baby.

6) When baby returns to play, the mother leaves again, this time saying “ bye-bye” as she leaves.

7) Stranger attempts to calm and play with the baby.

8) Mother returns and stranger leaves

27
Q

Attachment classification

A

Secure

Avoidant

Resistant or anxious

Disorganized

28
Q

Secure children

A

May be upset when parent leaves (temporary distress) , but stops crying on return

29
Q

Avoidant children

A

Not upset when parent leaves, ignores parent on return

30
Q

Resistant children

A

Upset when parent leaves, angry and inconsolable on return

31
Q

Disorganized children

A

Confused when parent leaves, still confused on return

32
Q

What are the benefits of secure Attachment

A
  • leads to positive social relationships, due to the establishment of trust
  • Predictable,
  • responsive parenting is necessary for secure attachment
  • Infant needs a consistent internal working model (Must understand their relationship to parents)
33
Q

What are attachment classifications in adults

A

Secure

Dismissive

Preoccupied

34
Q

Secure adults …

A

are more likely to provide sensitive caregiving and, in turn, have securely attached infants

35
Q

what is an important factor in intergenerational attachment

A

Self awareness

36
Q

Does childcare affect quality of attachment?

A
  • Only when poor quality is added to the effects of maternal insensitivity
  • lack of responsiveness

PSY 2105 (15 decks)

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