Chapter 7 (notes) Flashcards
How do children bodies change compared to when they were infants?
At infancy they grew very fast, but now it is slowed down
They are more slender now (lost baby fat) and body proportions are similar to adults.
Muscles get bigger and bones become stronger.
Sensory organs continue to develop
At childhood, how much do they grow annually and how much does their weight increase annually (in cm/kg)
About 5-8 cm per year and 2-3 kg per year
By age 2, what percentage of their brain is of an adults brain (weight), and what is the percentage at the age of 5
By age 2, 70% is adult weight and 90% by age 5 (doesn’t mean they work the same tho)
How many hours a week do children spend on gross motor skills
25+ hours per week
What is a skill kids should be able to do at 2, 3 and 4 years (one for each)
2 years = climb up the stairs (with help)
3 years = balance on one leg
4 years = go down the stairs and skip on a skipping rope
What is a skill children should be able to do and 5 and 6 years (one for each)
5 years = catch a ball
6 years = ride a bike
What are the 4 drawing stages
- Scribbles
- Single units (squares, circles)
- Differentiated figures (drawing other shapes of things they see)
- Integrated whole (3D)
Compared to infancy, how are children diets changed?
They need less for now, because they aren’t growing as fast now. The child also usually decides how much they want to eat
Why is our generation called “Generation XL”
because children are 1/3 at risk of becoming overweight (14%) and obese (6%)
Why does “bed wetting” occur
because children might not understand the cues for needing to pee
Why are major illnesses in children less common now
because there are advances in medication and immunization. We have more access to it
In developing countries, how many kids die every year to illness
8-9 million every year
What is the leading cause of death in Canadian children and why?
Accidents- because kids have a high level of energy + curiosity + lack of judgement. But car accidents are the most “common”
What are the risks of a child receiving second-hand smoke
Ear infections
Asthma
Cough
Lung infections
SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
What stage (Piaget) do children go through at this age and why
Preoperational Stage = “pre-operational” meaning they don’t know operations yet (organized/formal/logical/mental processes)
What is something that is important for development in this stage (pre-operational)
Pretend play - helps with academic performance, creativity, and social skills
An imaginary friend is a good thing (before, parents would think that its weird)
Another key factor in the Preoperational stage is Egocentrism, explain this and why
Kids are not selfish, but don’t have the ability to put themselves in others shoes
Another factor in the preoperational stage is “precausal thought”, what does this mean
that kids don’t understand “causality” they just assume it
What is Vygotsky’s “Sociocultural Theory”
Social interaction is the key to cognitive development. He valued positions of teachers (supporting kids)
What is “Scaffolding” and the “Zone of Proximal Development”
Scaffolding = breaking up learning into chunks and providing structure and learning each one at a time
ZPD = the things children can do with help
Before __ ______, children should not be exposed to screens
2 years
How much screen time does the “Canadian Paediatric Society” recommend for children, and how much hours to children actually spend on screen time
They recommend less than 1 hour per day, but children spend an average of 2 hours per day
What are 4 problems with kids using too much screen time for educational purposes
- they might not be able to understand and process the content
- they might struggle to separate reality and fantasy
- less time spend on physical activity and social interaction
- less time for family interaction
What is Metamemory
When children start to use strategies to remember (by age 5)
What is “phonological awareness” and what helps with it?
understanding the sounds of our language, nursery rhymes help (understanding the ends of words and rhymes)
