Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are Epigenetic’s
changes in gene expressions that can be inherited, but don’t change the DNA
What did Amy Bombay discover about Epigenetic’s
that trauma can be transmitted through epigenetic pathways over generations
What are chromosomes
rod-shape structures found in cells that contain genes
How many chromosomes do humans contain and what do chromosomes contain?
46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs
they contain thousands of segments called genes (regulate the development of traits)
Some traits are transmitted by a singe pair of genes (one from each parent), and other traits are determined by many pairs of genes called ______.
Polygenic
What are the two types of cell division
Mitosis: DNA breaks apart and duplicates (1(4) goes to 1(4) and 1(4))
Meiosis: each pair of chromosomes split ( 1(4) goes to 1(2) and 1(2)
What are Mutations
An accidental variation of a heritable characteristic that effects the genes
What are Autosomes and Sex chromosomes
Autosomes: 22 of the pairs that contain genetic information
Sex chromosomes: the 23rd pair that determines the sex (XX=female, XY=male)
What is the difference between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins
Monozygotic = when a zygote divides into 2 cells and each develop into an individual with the same genetic makeup (identical)
Dizygotic = when a woman produces two ova in the same month, and each is fertilized by different sperm cells
What becomes less regular as woman reach the end of their child bearing years
Ovulation
What is an Allele
a member of a pair of genes
What does it mean when a person is “homozygous” for a trait and “heterozygous” for a trait
Homozygous = both the alleles are the same
Heterozygous = the alleles are different
What is a person called when they bear one dominant gene and one recessive gene
“carriers” of the recessive gene
What are “Multifactorial Problems”
problems that stem from the interaction of heredity and environmental factors
What is it called when a person is missing a chromosome and what is it called when they have more than two
missing one = monosomy
extra one = trisomy
