Chapter 7 - Neurons

Question 1

The Nervous System has two main parts:

Answer 1

Central

Peripheral

Question 2

Central nervous system contains which body parts?

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system contains which body part?

Answer 3

Nerve tissue outside CNS (central nervous system)

Question 4

What is a nerve cell?

Answer 4

neuron

Question 5

Neurons are excitable, which means:

Answer 5

generate and transmit information

Question 6

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 6

Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Interneurons

Question 7

Conduct signal towards CNS (to brain or spinal cord); carry information

Answer 7

sensory neurons

Question 8

Only in brain and spinal cord, interpret sensory signals and initiate response

Answer 8

Motor neuron

Question 9

Carry signals from CNS to an effector (muscle or gland)

Answer 9

Interneurons

Question 10

Structure of a Neuron:

Provides huge surface for receiving signals

Answer 10

dendrites

Question 11

Structure of a Neuron:

Contains all the normal organelles

Answer 11

cell body

Question 12

Structure of a Neuron:

Nerve fiber, extension down which a signal travels

Answer 12

axon

Question 13

Structure of a Neuron:

Transmits signal to other cells

Answer 13

axon endings

Question 14

Insulates outer layer of axon

Answer 14

Myelin Sheath

Question 15

Nodes are the _______ of the Myelin Sheath

Answer 15

gaps

Question 16

How does the Myelin Sheath move fast? Why?

Answer 16

by jumping gaps on neurons outside CNS. Needs to be fast to send signals

Question 17

• Electrical signal caused by sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions crossing through a neuron’s membrane (entering or leaving cell)

Answer 17

Action Potential

Question 18

Which elements are used in electrical signals?

Answer 18

sodium and potassium

Question 19

In electrical charges, there are unequal distributions of _______ and _______

Answer 19

Na+ and K+; sodium and potassium

Question 20

Within Resting Potential, potassium concentrations are high _______ of cell

Answer 20

inside

Question 21

Within Resting Potential, sodium concentrations are high _______ of cell

Answer 21

outside

Question 22

Cell uses _______ for pumps to maintain or reset sodium/potassium balance

Answer 22

energy

Question 23

Cell is negative inside, positive outside

Answer 23

resting state

Question 24

Signal causes Na+ gates to open

Answer 24

depolarization

Question 25

Restoration of resting state

Answer 25

repolarization

Question 26

In depolarization, interior of cell becomes _______ charged

Answer 26

positively

Question 27

In repolarization, interior of cell becomes _______ charged

Answer 27

negatively

Question 28

Action potential travels along axon how?

Answer 28

like a wave

Question 29

Sodium-potassium pump restores original distribution of ions

Answer 29

Restoration of Ion Distribution

Question 30

Junction between a neuron and another neuron

Answer 30

Synpase

Question 31

Chemicals that carry signals between neurons

Answer 31

Neurotransmitters

Question 32

What is the process that neurotransmitters do?

Answer 32

exocytosis

Question 33

Any given neuron may have how many excitatory and inhibitory synapses?

Answer 33

thousands

Question 34

Membrane bound structure that contains something

Answer 34

vesicle

Question 35

What are the 3 ways neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft?

Answer 35

Enzymatic removal Recycled Diffusion

Question 36

Neurotransmitter examples:

Answer 36

Serotonin Norepinephrine Dopamine

Question 37

Which element is the first ion flooding into the system?

Answer 37

Sodium

Question 38

Why must neurotransmitters be removed once used?

Answer 38

They must be removed otherwise they will fire off again