Chapter 11 & 12 - Circulatory System Flashcards
Blood is specialized connective tissue how?
Contains cells & platelets, soluble protein, suspended within a liquid matrix (plasma)
Functions of blood:
Transportation - oxygen, nutrients, and waste
Regulation - Body temp, buffers pH
Protection - immune cells (WBC)
liquid portion of blood; contains nutrients, ions, dissolved, gasses, waste
plasma
Blood composition:
Plasma
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Make up 45% of blood
red blood cells
Erythrocytes
red blood cells
What is the shape of a red blood cell?
biconcave disc
Do red blood cells have nuclei?
No, but they have few organelles. Mostly a sack of protein hemoglobin
protein that carries oxygen
hemoglobin
Leukocytes
White blood cells
What are the functions of white blood cells?
House keeping - remove damaged/abnormal cells
Immune cells - warriors against disease
What are the two types of white blood cells?
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
Type of white blood cell:
contain granules – secretory structures filled with cell-destroying chemicals.
Neutrophils
Granulocyte
Type of white blood cell:
lack large granules
Agranulocyte
Phaygocytosis
eat
Contain toxins against parasitic worms
eosinophils
Release histamine – chemicals that attract WBC causing inflammation
basophils
specific immunity cells associated with your adaptive immune response
lymphocytes
B cells
produce antibodies - proteins that recognize antigens
T cells
cellular defense
Specific molecules on invading cells
antigens
ABO Blood Types review
Type A = A Proteins
Type B = B Proteins
Type AB = A & B Proteins
Type O = No blood typing proteins
Blood type is based on what?
presence of surface proteins on RBC
identify antigens on blood cells if it’s a different blood type it’ll attack it
antibodies
Based on presence/absence of surface antigen on RBC
Rh factor
No Rh factor
Rh-
Later pregnancies are potentially problematic if the baby has a different blood Rh factor, why?
The mother’s cells will try to attack the baby’s blood cells that are different to hers and can hurt the mother
What type of blood can a A+ patient receive during transfusion?
A or O either + or -
The cardiovascular system includes:
Heart
Blood vessels
Lungs
conduct blood; arranged as branching networks
blood vessels
carry blood away from the heart
ateries
carry blood towards the heart
veins
sites of exchange between blood and cells
capillaries
List the order of blood circulation:
Heart Artery Arteriole Capillary Venule Vein
Sites of nutrient and gas exchange between blood and insterstitial fluids
Capillaries
List some characteristics of the heart:
70 contractions per minute. Varies per person
Pumps ~5 liters per minute, ~2500 gallons/day
Comprised of two separate pumps: right side pumps blood to lungs and left side pumps blood to rest of the body
Cardiac muscle cells are packed tightly together with ________ membranes
interweaved
major cause of death in the U.S.
Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension
high blood pressure
yellow hardening of arteries
atherosclerosis
Factors to decrease getting cardiovascular disease:
Do not smoke Exercise regularly Control weight Eat moderately Eat real food
Buildup of fatty substance in arterial walls (LDL) Low density lipoprotein
▪ Blockage associated with a complex inflammatory response (white blood cells)
Coronary artery disease
The lymphatic system returns ________ fluids back to bloodstream
interstitial
The lymphatic system focuses its role in protecting against ________-causing organisms
disease
The lymphatic system returns products of fat digestion from ________ ________ to bloodstream
small intestine
What is lymph?
fluid
things that are carrying flows of lymphatic fluid
lymphatic vessels
Filters lymph;
Lymph flows through at least one node before returning to bloodstream
Packed with macrophages and lymphocytes
lymph nodes
Why is the spleen important in the Lymphatic System?
It is the site of lymphocyte production and it removes old blood cells, microorganisms, and debris
T cell maturation
Thymus
