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BIOL 100 > Chapter 11 & 12 - Circulatory System > Flashcards

Chapter 11 & 12 - Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is specialized connective tissue how?

A

Contains cells & platelets, soluble protein, suspended within a liquid matrix (plasma)

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2
Q

Functions of blood:

A

Transportation - oxygen, nutrients, and waste
Regulation - Body temp, buffers pH
Protection - immune cells (WBC)

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3
Q

liquid portion of blood; contains nutrients, ions, dissolved, gasses, waste

A

plasma

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4
Q

Blood composition:

A

Plasma
White blood cells
Red blood cells

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5
Q

Make up 45% of blood

A

red blood cells

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6
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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7
Q

What is the shape of a red blood cell?

A

biconcave disc

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8
Q

Do red blood cells have nuclei?

A

No, but they have few organelles. Mostly a sack of protein hemoglobin

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9
Q

protein that carries oxygen

A

hemoglobin

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10
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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11
Q

What are the functions of white blood cells?

A

House keeping - remove damaged/abnormal cells

Immune cells - warriors against disease

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12
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells?

A

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

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13
Q

Type of white blood cell:
contain granules – secretory structures filled with cell-destroying chemicals.
Neutrophils

A

Granulocyte

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14
Q

Type of white blood cell:

lack large granules

A

Agranulocyte

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15
Q

Phaygocytosis

A

eat

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16
Q

Contain toxins against parasitic worms

A

eosinophils

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17
Q

Release histamine – chemicals that attract WBC causing inflammation

A

basophils

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18
Q

specific immunity cells associated with your adaptive immune response

A

lymphocytes

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19
Q

B cells

A

produce antibodies - proteins that recognize antigens

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20
Q

T cells

A

cellular defense

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21
Q

Specific molecules on invading cells

A

antigens

22
Q

ABO Blood Types review

A

Type A = A Proteins
Type B = B Proteins
Type AB = A & B Proteins
Type O = No blood typing proteins

23
Q

Blood type is based on what?

A

presence of surface proteins on RBC

24
Q

identify antigens on blood cells if it’s a different blood type it’ll attack it

A

antibodies

25
Q

Based on presence/absence of surface antigen on RBC

A

Rh factor

26
Q

No Rh factor

A

Rh-

27
Q

Later pregnancies are potentially problematic if the baby has a different blood Rh factor, why?

A

The mother’s cells will try to attack the baby’s blood cells that are different to hers and can hurt the mother

28
Q

What type of blood can a A+ patient receive during transfusion?

A

A or O either + or -

29
Q

The cardiovascular system includes:

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Lungs

30
Q

conduct blood; arranged as branching networks

A

blood vessels

31
Q

carry blood away from the heart

A

ateries

32
Q

carry blood towards the heart

A

veins

33
Q

sites of exchange between blood and cells

A

capillaries

34
Q

List the order of blood circulation:

A 
Heart
Artery
Arteriole
Capillary
Venule
Vein
35
Q

Sites of nutrient and gas exchange between blood and insterstitial fluids

A

Capillaries

36
Q

List some characteristics of the heart:

A

70 contractions per minute. Varies per person
Pumps ~5 liters per minute, ~2500 gallons/day
Comprised of two separate pumps: right side pumps blood to lungs and left side pumps blood to rest of the body

37
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are packed tightly together with ________ membranes

A

interweaved

38
Q

major cause of death in the U.S.

A

Cardiovascular disease

39
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure

40
Q

yellow hardening of arteries

A

atherosclerosis

41
Q

Factors to decrease getting cardiovascular disease:

A 
Do not smoke
Exercise regularly
Control weight
Eat moderately
Eat real food
42
Q

Buildup of fatty substance in arterial walls (LDL) Low density lipoprotein
▪ Blockage associated with a complex inflammatory response (white blood cells)

A

Coronary artery disease

43
Q

The lymphatic system returns ________ fluids back to bloodstream

A

interstitial

44
Q

The lymphatic system focuses its role in protecting against ________-causing organisms

A

disease

45
Q

The lymphatic system returns products of fat digestion from ________ ________ to bloodstream

A

small intestine

46
Q

What is lymph?

A

fluid

47
Q

things that are carrying flows of lymphatic fluid

A

lymphatic vessels

48
Q

Filters lymph;
Lymph flows through at least one node before returning to bloodstream
Packed with macrophages and lymphocytes

A

lymph nodes

49
Q

Why is the spleen important in the Lymphatic System?

A

It is the site of lymphocyte production and it removes old blood cells, microorganisms, and debris

50
Q

T cell maturation

A

Thymus

BIOL 100 (18 decks)

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