Chapter 10 - Endocrine System Flashcards
System of glands and associated organs that contain cells that produce hormones
endocrine system
Hormone comes from the Greek word ______
“excite”
small molecule that regulate function of other cells or organ systems
hormone
Hormones are secreted in _______ amounts by endocrine cells
tiny
Complexity of the endocrine system; what is the main point?
Endocrine system regulates so many hormones from body growth to production of milk
Why is the pancreas important?
it produces two different types of hormones - glucagon and insulun
Stimulates the body to release glucose into your blood stream
glucagon
Decreases blood glucose levels
insulin
Include ‘steroid hormones’ derived from cholesterol
Move easily through cell membranes to bind with receptors within cytoplasm or nucleus
lipid soluble hormones
What happens when you activate a gene?
Activating a gene makes RNA which produces proteins.
Gene->RNA->protein->phenotype
Mainly referred to peptide hormones
Water soluble hormones
Cannot pass through membranes, instead bind with receptors on cell surfaces
▪ Which activates a second molecule in cytoplasm, that then influences existing enzymes in the cell
▪ That then influences already existing enzymes in the cell to do their thing
Water soluble hormones
What is an example of water soluble hormone?
Epinephrine causes liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose
Hormone regulation is mostly by ________ ________
negative feedback
Epinephrine and glucagon both prompt liver to release glucose to blood
synergistic
