Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 100 > Chapter 1 - Life, Taxonomy, & Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Life, Taxonomy, & Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is life?

A

there is no definitive answer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the seven characteristics of a living organism:

A 
1.	Composed of cells
•	Smallest unit of life
•	All cells come from preexisting cells
2.	Unique molecular composition
•	Nucleic acids, proteins, etc...
3.	Respond to external environment
4.	Maintain homeostasis
5.	Require energy and raw material
6.	Grow and reproduce
7.	Populations are capable of adapting and evolving
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Levels of Biological Organization: Life is organized at many levels

A 
Atoms, molecules - not living
Cell - living
Tissue
Organ Systems
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

made of similar types of cells that work together

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

made of different tissue types working together

A

organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Individual, made of micro organisms of other species working together to live

A

Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All individuals of a particular type (species) that may interact in a particular place

A

population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

All the different types of organisms that may interact in a particular place

A

community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

All different types of organisms, plus the nonliving (abiotic) components (things) necessary for existence

A

ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The portions of atmosphere, ocean, and land where life exists on Earth

A

biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Categorizing Life - Linnaean Taxonomy – One way scientists categorize life based on genetic relatedness

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the 3 domains

A

Eukaryota
Bacteria
Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Domains Bacteria and Archaea genetically very different groups of organisms, but both groups share:

A
  1. microscopic single cell (unicellular) organisms

2. both have prokaryotic cell structure - simplistic, lacks nucleus, lacks membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Domain: Eukaryota

A

Unicellular and multicellular organisms

Complex cell structure - many membrane-bound organelles, DNA in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

All multicellular organisms are _______

A

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

________ cells evolved before eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are viruses alive?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe virus

A
  1. very small, not a cell, contain some genetic material but not enough to replicate by themselves.
  2. must infect other organisms and then use that organism’s “machinery” to replicate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Taxonomy of the brown bear:
Domain - 
Kingdom - 
Phylum -
Class - 
Order - 
Family -
Genus -
Species -
A 
Domain - Eukaryota
Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum – Chordata (vertebrae, backbone)
Class – Mammalia 
Order – Carnivora
Family – Ursidae (family of bears)
Genus – Ursus (capitalize)     Binomial
Species – arctos (lowercase) nomenclature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 characteristics of a mammal

A
  1. mammary glands - allows the production of milk to feed

2. fur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Another name for Genus and Species

A

Binomial

nomenclature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List the four kingdoms of the Eukaryota:

A
  1. Protists
  2. Fungi
  3. Plants
  4. Animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does the taxonomy of the black bear differ?

A

It differs in species - americanos, the American bear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
Taxonomy of the gray wolf:
Domain - 
Kingdom - 
Phylum -
Class - 
Order - 
Family -
Genus -
Species -
A 
Domain - Eukaryota
Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum – Chordata 
Class – Mammalia 
Order – Carnivora (named after their feeding behavior)
Family – Canidae (family of dogs)
Genus – Canis (capitalize)      Binomial
Species – lupis (lowercase)    nomenclature
25
Q 
Taxonomy of human:
Domain - 
Kingdom - 
Phylum -
Class - 
Order - 
Family -
Genus -
Species -
A

Domain - Eukaryota
Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum – Chordata
Class – Mammalia
Order – Primates
Family – Hominidae (great apes, humanlike)
Genus – Homo - man (capitalize) Binomial
Species – sapiens - wise (lowercase) nomenclature

26
Q

define Homo sapiens

A

“wise man”

27
Q

define Hominidae

A

great apes, humanlike

28
Q

What are the members of the Hominidae?

A
  1. Mountain gorilla
  2. Lowland gorilla
  3. Chimpanzee
  4. Bonobo
  5. Sumatran orangutan
  6. Bornean orangutan
29
Q

Which members of the Hominidae are most imilar to humans?

A

chimpanzee

30
Q

For much of human evolution, several different ________ of ________ ancestors existed at the same time

A

species; human

31
Q

Life is defined by:

A

the characteristics of life

32
Q

Life can be organized in many ways, our examples:

A
  1. increasing organizational complexity - biological levels of organization
  2. genetic relatedness - Linnaean taxonomy
33
Q

What is science?

A
  1. logical method of understanding the natural world

2. body of knowledge organized into theories

34
Q

collection of unifying insights (explanations) and supporting facts about a natural phenomenon

facts support these

premises of a _______ have withstood objective questioning or testing

A

theory

35
Q

Theories have _______ power

A

explanatory

36
Q

What is the scientific method based on?

A

observations and measurements

37
Q

From observations, come questions about the world, from a question, formulates a _________.

A

hypothesis

38
Q

plausible explanation for a natural phenomena

Formally written in a way which the explanation could be found to be incorrect

Under pinning of skepticism

A

hypothesis

39
Q

How to test validity of hypothesis?

A

through further observation or experimentation

40
Q

List the process of science:

A 
Observation
Hypothesis
Prediction
Experiment/Further Observation
Results
Conclusion
41
Q

Example of hypothesis: oatmeal and cholesterol.
• Observation: eating oatmeal appears to lower cholesterol levels in blood
• Other existing knowledge:
o Soluble fiber in oatmeal binds to bile in intestines, preventing reabsorption of bile by the body
o When bound to fiber, bile is expelled from body
o Bile is high in cholesterol
o To make new bile, the liver removes cholesterol from blood
o Hypothesis:
What is the hypothesis?

A

eating oatmeal high in soluble fiber lowers cholesterol levels in blood

42
Q

A scientific statement can be:

A
  1. Testable
  2. Refutable
  3. Repeatable
43
Q

Louis Pasteru’s test of the spontaneous generation of life. What was his hypothesis?

A

cases of spontaneous generation of life could be explained by microscopic airborne organisms. He developed a particle trap.

44
Q

A statement is ‘scientific’ if an objective method can be stated by which it can be _________.

A

disproven/refuted

45
Q

When you come up with a hypothesis, ___________

A

you are attempting to refute the hypothesis

46
Q

Other ways of perceiving the world that are often useful but not scientific:

A

Religious
Aesthetic
Ethical
Political

47
Q

________ are not disprovable in the scientific sense

A

Assertions. Are based ultimately on your faith, belief, cultural, or personal values

48
Q

Science does not address questions that are ________ or involve value

A

metaphysical

49
Q

outside of the natural world

A

Meta (ex: ghosts)

50
Q

Science can provide meaningful, objective perspectives:

A
  1. identify the environmental problems
  2. provide insight into scope and scale
  3. identify and assess potential solutions
  4. science DOES NOT address questions involving value judgements
51
Q

Example of value judgement:

A

California condors almost went instinct in 1980s, saving these birds was value judgement, not scientific.

52
Q

What is pseudo science?

A

“junk science”
pseudo = false

Presented as scientifically valid but in fact not scientific:
untestable
lack empirical support
based on faulty reasoning
poor methodology
53
Q

Give 2 examples of pseudoscience

A

horoscopes

flat earth

54
Q

Define homeostasis

A

self-controlled internal environment in the face of external conditions

55
Q

What does chordata mean in Linnaean Taxonomy?

A

vertebrae, backbone

the (phylum) if it has a chordata

56
Q

What does Order mean in Linnaean Taxonomy?

A

feeding behavior: carnivora
herbivore
omnivore

57
Q

Mnemonic of Linnaean Taxonomy?

A

DKPCOFGS
Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Grain Sand
or
Dumb Kids Play Catch On Freeway Get Smashed

58
Q

Vertebrae animals are _____% of water

A

60-80%

BIOL 100 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions