Chapter 4 - Tissues & Organs

Question 1

Define tissue

Answer 1

a group of cells of a similar type that work together for a common purpose

Question 2

What are the 4 types of tissue?

Answer 2

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 3

covers body surfaces, line cavities and organs

Answer 3

Epithelial Tissue

Question 4

Epithelial tissue have 3 basic shapes:

Answer 4

Squamous
Cuboidal
Culmnar

Question 5

Epithelial tissue come in 2 different forms:

Answer 5

Simple (single layer)

Stratified forms - for protection

Question 6

Most abundant tissue, cells embedded in extracellular matrix

Answer 6

connective tissue

Question 7

What are the main functions of connective tissue?

Answer 7

Bind, Support, Transports, Store Energy

Question 8

What are ground substances?

Answer 8

cell secretions - solid, gelatinous, or fluid

Question 9

is not like a smoothie but building a cinder block wall

Answer 9

matrix

Question 10

Proper Connective tissue:

widely distributed under skin, around organs and muscles. Structure & cushions

Answer 10

Areolar

Question 11

Proper Connective tissue:

under skin, around organs. Energy storage, insulation, and cushioning of organs

Answer 11

Adipose (fat)

Question 12

Proper Connective tissue:

tendons and ligaments. Structural support, attach bone to muscle or bone to bone

Answer 12

Dense

Question 13

Specialized Connective tissue:

Lines bones, absorbs shock. Disks between vertebrae. More flexible cartilage: ears and nose

Answer 13

Cartilage - joint cartilage

Question 14

Specialized Connective tissue:

Structure, protection, and movement. Storage of minerals and lipids, production of red blood cells

Answer 14

Bone

Question 15

Specialized Connective tissue:

cells and cell fragments (platelets). Transports oxygen, CO2, nutrients, etc.

Answer 15

Blood

Question 16

Bone minerals contain:

Answer 16

calcium and phosphorus

Question 17

Bone lipids are

Answer 17

yellow marrow

Question 18

Red blood cells is

Answer 18

Red marrow

Question 19

________ are obvious when blood dries and forms clots

Answer 19

Fibers

Question 20

soluble proteins

Answer 20

fibers

Question 21

liquid matrix

Answer 21

plasma

Question 22

Cells that contract

Answer 22

muscle tissue

Question 23

voluntary contraction (cylindrical, striated cells with many nuclei)

Answer 23

Skeletal

Question 24

wall of heart, pumps. Involuntary contraction (branching, striated cells with single nucleus)

Answer 24

Cardiac

Question 25

walls of intestines, blood vessels, etc. Involuntary contraction (non-striated, one nucleus)

Answer 25

Smooth

Question 26

nerves, brain, spinal cord

Answer 26

Nervous system

Question 27

Nervous system has 2 types of cells:

Answer 27

Neurons and Neuroglia

Question 28

generate and conduct nerve impulses

Answer 28

Neurons

Question 29

structure composed of two or more types of tissue that work together

Answer 29

Organ

Question 30

Skin. Largest organ of the body, includes sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails

Answer 30

Integumentary system

Question 31

detection of external stimuli

Answer 31

sensory

Question 32

List the skin layers:

Answer 32

Epidermis (epi = above/upon) | Dermis

Question 33

Constantly shed and replaced | Outer most are dead, ‘Keratinized’

Answer 33

Epidermis

Question 34

Dense connective tissue | Blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, nerves

Answer 34

Dermis

Question 35

Two major facts: pigment and blood flow

Answer 35

Skin color

Question 36

Melanin, produced by melanocytes

Answer 36

Pigment

Question 37

Amount and oxygen level

Answer 37

blood flow High O2 = ruby red Low O2 = deep red-bluish

Question 38

List the Accessory Structures:

Answer 38

Hair, nails, glands

Question 39

Which two Accessory structures are modified skin cells?

Answer 39

hair and nails

Question 40

Functions of Accessory structures

Answer 40

insulation, protection, sensory

Question 41

Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in the face of external conditions

Answer 41

homeostasis

Question 42

________ systems interact to provide controlled environments for cellular functions

Answer 42

Organ

Question 43

Sensor (receptor) - Control Center - Effector

Answer 43

Homeostasis of body temperature

Question 44

In homeostasis, the brain initiates mechanisms that does what?

Answer 44

produce or conserves heat

Question 45

In homeostasis, if a set-point is reached, what happens?

Answer 45

sensors no longer send signals to hypothalamus, and hypothalamus stops signaling effectors. Thus, a negative feedback