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BIOL 100 > Chapter 4 - Tissues & Organs > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Tissues & Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Define tissue

A

a group of cells of a similar type that work together for a common purpose

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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3
Q

covers body surfaces, line cavities and organs

A

Epithelial Tissue

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue have 3 basic shapes:

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Culmnar

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue come in 2 different forms:

A

Simple (single layer)

Stratified forms - for protection

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6
Q

Most abundant tissue, cells embedded in extracellular matrix

A

connective tissue

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7
Q

What are the main functions of connective tissue?

A

Bind, Support, Transports, Store Energy

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8
Q

What are ground substances?

A

cell secretions - solid, gelatinous, or fluid

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9
Q

is not like a smoothie but building a cinder block wall

A

matrix

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10
Q

Proper Connective tissue:

widely distributed under skin, around organs and muscles. Structure & cushions

A

Areolar

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11
Q

Proper Connective tissue:

under skin, around organs. Energy storage, insulation, and cushioning of organs

A

Adipose (fat)

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12
Q

Proper Connective tissue:

tendons and ligaments. Structural support, attach bone to muscle or bone to bone

A

Dense

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13
Q

Specialized Connective tissue:

Lines bones, absorbs shock. Disks between vertebrae. More flexible cartilage: ears and nose

A

Cartilage - joint cartilage

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14
Q

Specialized Connective tissue:

Structure, protection, and movement. Storage of minerals and lipids, production of red blood cells

A

Bone

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15
Q

Specialized Connective tissue:

cells and cell fragments (platelets). Transports oxygen, CO2, nutrients, etc.

A

Blood

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16
Q

Bone minerals contain:

A

calcium and phosphorus

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17
Q

Bone lipids are

A

yellow marrow

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18
Q

Red blood cells is

A

Red marrow

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19
Q

________ are obvious when blood dries and forms clots

A

Fibers

20
Q

soluble proteins

A

fibers

21
Q

liquid matrix

A

plasma

22
Q

Cells that contract

A

muscle tissue

23
Q

voluntary contraction (cylindrical, striated cells with many nuclei)

A

Skeletal

24
Q

wall of heart, pumps. Involuntary contraction (branching, striated cells with single nucleus)

A

Cardiac

25
Q

walls of intestines, blood vessels, etc. Involuntary contraction (non-striated, one nucleus)

A

Smooth

26
Q

nerves, brain, spinal cord

A

Nervous system

27
Q

Nervous system has 2 types of cells:

A

Neurons and Neuroglia

28
Q

generate and conduct nerve impulses

A

Neurons

29
Q

structure composed of two or more types of tissue that work together

A

Organ

30
Q

Skin. Largest organ of the body, includes sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails

A

Integumentary system

31
Q

detection of external stimuli

A

sensory

32
Q

List the skin layers:

A

Epidermis (epi = above/upon)

Dermis

33
Q

Constantly shed and replaced

Outer most are dead, ‘Keratinized’

A

Epidermis

34
Q

Dense connective tissue

Blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, nerves

A

Dermis

35
Q

Two major facts: pigment and blood flow

A

Skin color

36
Q

Melanin, produced by melanocytes

A

Pigment

37
Q

Amount and oxygen level

A

blood flow
High O2 = ruby red
Low O2 = deep red-bluish

38
Q

List the Accessory Structures:

A

Hair, nails, glands

39
Q

Which two Accessory structures are modified skin cells?

A

hair and nails

40
Q

Functions of Accessory structures

A

insulation, protection, sensory

41
Q

Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in the face of external conditions

A

homeostasis

42
Q

________ systems interact to provide controlled environments for cellular functions

A

Organ

43
Q

Sensor (receptor) - Control Center - Effector

A

Homeostasis of body temperature

44
Q

In homeostasis, the brain initiates mechanisms that does what?

A

produce or conserves heat

45
Q

In homeostasis, if a set-point is reached, what happens?

A

sensors no longer send signals to hypothalamus, and hypothalamus stops signaling effectors. Thus, a negative feedback

BIOL 100 (18 decks)

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