Chapter 4 - Tissues & Organs Flashcards
Define tissue
a group of cells of a similar type that work together for a common purpose
What are the 4 types of tissue?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
covers body surfaces, line cavities and organs
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial tissue have 3 basic shapes:
Squamous
Cuboidal
Culmnar
Epithelial tissue come in 2 different forms:
Simple (single layer)
Stratified forms - for protection
Most abundant tissue, cells embedded in extracellular matrix
connective tissue
What are the main functions of connective tissue?
Bind, Support, Transports, Store Energy
What are ground substances?
cell secretions - solid, gelatinous, or fluid
is not like a smoothie but building a cinder block wall
matrix
Proper Connective tissue:
widely distributed under skin, around organs and muscles. Structure & cushions
Areolar
Proper Connective tissue:
under skin, around organs. Energy storage, insulation, and cushioning of organs
Adipose (fat)
Proper Connective tissue:
tendons and ligaments. Structural support, attach bone to muscle or bone to bone
Dense
Specialized Connective tissue:
Lines bones, absorbs shock. Disks between vertebrae. More flexible cartilage: ears and nose
Cartilage - joint cartilage
Specialized Connective tissue:
Structure, protection, and movement. Storage of minerals and lipids, production of red blood cells
Bone
Specialized Connective tissue:
cells and cell fragments (platelets). Transports oxygen, CO2, nutrients, etc.
Blood
Bone minerals contain:
calcium and phosphorus
Bone lipids are
yellow marrow
Red blood cells is
Red marrow
________ are obvious when blood dries and forms clots
Fibers
soluble proteins
fibers
liquid matrix
plasma
Cells that contract
muscle tissue
voluntary contraction (cylindrical, striated cells with many nuclei)
Skeletal
wall of heart, pumps. Involuntary contraction (branching, striated cells with single nucleus)
Cardiac
walls of intestines, blood vessels, etc. Involuntary contraction (non-striated, one nucleus)
Smooth
nerves, brain, spinal cord
Nervous system
Nervous system has 2 types of cells:
Neurons and Neuroglia
generate and conduct nerve impulses
Neurons
structure composed of two or more types of tissue that work together
Organ
Skin. Largest organ of the body, includes sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails
Integumentary system
detection of external stimuli
sensory
List the skin layers:
Epidermis (epi = above/upon)
Dermis
Constantly shed and replaced
Outer most are dead, ‘Keratinized’
Epidermis
Dense connective tissue
Blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, nerves
Dermis
Two major facts: pigment and blood flow
Skin color
Melanin, produced by melanocytes
Pigment
Amount and oxygen level
blood flow
High O2 = ruby red
Low O2 = deep red-bluish
List the Accessory Structures:
Hair, nails, glands
Which two Accessory structures are modified skin cells?
hair and nails
Functions of Accessory structures
insulation, protection, sensory
Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in the face of external conditions
homeostasis
________ systems interact to provide controlled environments for cellular functions
Organ
Sensor (receptor) - Control Center - Effector
Homeostasis of body temperature
In homeostasis, the brain initiates mechanisms that does what?
produce or conserves heat
In homeostasis, if a set-point is reached, what happens?
sensors no longer send signals to hypothalamus, and hypothalamus stops signaling effectors. Thus, a negative feedback
