Chapter 13 - Body Defenses & Adaptive Responses

Question 1

What does the lymphatic system contain?

Answer 1

Interstitial fluids

Lymph nodes

Question 2

Are bacteria alive? Describe them

Answer 2

Yes, they are unicellular and have a prokaryotic cell structure

Question 3

Are viruses alive? Describe them

Answer 3

No, they take over machinery of other living cells to reproduce

Question 4

List the 3 domains of life

Answer 4

Bacteria
Archaea
Eurkaryota

Question 5

Infectious agents that cause disease

Answer 5

pathogens

Question 6

List some pathogens:

Answer 6

Bacteria
Virus
Protozoans
Fungi
Parasitic worms
Prions

Question 7

What are infectious proteins but not alive?

Answer 7

Prions

Question 8

Three lines of body defenses:

Answer 8

1. Physical and Chemical Barriers
2. Innate defense
3. Adaptive acquired defesnse

Question 9

This line of body defense keeps pathogens out

Answer 9

physical and chemical barriers

Question 10

This line of body defense is nonspecific internal cellular and chemical defenses. It attacks any pathogen-like agent or unusual cells

Answer 10

innate defense

Question 11

This line of body defense that has to do with our immune response. Destroys specific invaders and infected cells and remembers them to elicit a quicker future response

Answer 11

adaptive acquired defense

Question 12

What does innate mean?

Answer 12

That we all have it

Question 13

List some physical and chemical barriers we have:

Answer 13

Skin - outer layer of skin has keratin
Mucus membranes
Chemical barriers - hydrochloric acid, pepsin
Beneficial bacteria - intestines and mucus in vagina reduce invasion

Question 14

List internal cellular and chemical defenses:

Answer 14

Innate - many white blood cells. Natural-killer cells (NK cells)
Nonspecific
Internal

Question 15

Proteins released by virus-infected cells

Answer 15

interferons

Question 16

Group of proteins that enhance body defenses; create holes in membranes of invading cells

Answer 16

complement systems

Question 17

Body response to infection

Answer 17

inflammation

Question 18

Blood vessels dilate (increasing flow) in response to histamines

Answer 18

redness

Question 19

Increased blood flow elevates temperature, increasing metabolic rate of cells in infected area

Answer 19

heat

Question 20

White blood cells responsible for adaptive immune response

Answer 20

lymphocytes

Question 21

Examples of lymphocytes

Answer 21

B cells

T cells

Question 22

Molecules on surface of cells recognized by one’s defensive cells

Answer 22

Antigens

Question 23

What are the steps in an adaptive immune response?

Answer 23

1. Threat
2. Detection
3. Alert
4. Alarm (activation)
5. Defense - Attack
6. Surveillance

Question 24

Pathogen enters body evades first two lines of body defenses

Answer 24

Threat, first step to an adaptive immune response