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Biology 100 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

Photosynthesis: using light to make food

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plants are________ ________, as are some bacteria, and protists

A

Photosynthetic autotrophs

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2
Q

Autotrophs have the ability to make their own food via _______________.

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

During photosynthesis plants take in atmospheric CO2 through opening in their leaves called_______.

A

Stomata

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4
Q

Water in absorbed through a plants_________.

A

Roots

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5
Q

The process where Water evaporates and as it exits through the leaves, it sucks up more water into its roots is called

A

transpiration

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6
Q

During transpiration water travels using_________ of plants.

A

Vascular cell

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7
Q

As water travels through vascular cells of the plant it can _____________________________.

A

transfer nutrients important for growth

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8
Q

While the process of transpiration is the transfer of nutrient, photosynthesis produces___________.

A

Nutrients (glucose)

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9
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in _____________.

A

Chloroplasts

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10
Q

Contain light absorbing pigments called___________, which is involved in converting solar energy (sunlight) into chemical energy (glucose)

A

Chlorophyll

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11
Q

Inside Chloroplasts is a viscous liquid called _________ Many chemical reactions take place in the _________.

A

Stroma; Stromas

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12
Q

Chloroplasts contain folded interconnected membranous sacs called ___________.

A

Thylakoids

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13
Q

Thylakoids form stack called_________.

A

grana

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14
Q

Chloroplasts are found in high concentrations in the _____________ ___(middle tissue) of a leaf.

A

Mesophyll cell

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15
Q

_____________ is the process by which autotropic organisms convert light into chemical energy

A

Photosynthesis

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16
Q

Although chloroplast can be found in multiple types of plants tissue, they are usually most _______ in the leaves of the plant.

A

Abundant

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17
Q

_______ cells regulate the opening of a leave stromata.

A

Guard

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18
Q

What are the two parts of photosynthesis called?

A

Light reactions and dark reaction

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19
Q

What happens in the light reaction?

A

energy from light drives the synthesis of ATP and NADPH (electron carrier)

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20
Q

What happens in the dark reaction?

A

ATP is required to synthesize sugar

NADPH reduces CO2, important to synthesize sugar

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21
Q

Where does the light reaction take place in?

A

Thylakoid

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22
Q

Where does the dark reaction happen in?

A

Stroma

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23
Q

Light consist of high-speed particles called________.

A

Photon

24
Q

Photons are packets of ______________ energy.

A

Electromagnetic

25
Q

the electromagnetic spectrum show the full range of __________ types.

A

Radiation

26
Q

Chloroplasts absorb specific __________ wavelengths and convert them into______ Energy.

A

Electromagnetic; Chemical

27
Q

The most important pigment in green plants is called?

A

Chlorophyll

28
Q

Shorter wavelengths have ___________energy.

A

higher energy

29
Q

longer wavelengths have __________energy.

A

lower

30
Q

Chloroplasts absorb specific electromagnetic wave lengths and convert them to_________________________.

A

chemical energy

31
Q

Once pigments absorb photons (solar enegry) this energy splits H2O into ?

A

O+ 2 H+ , + 2 e-

32
Q

Once the pigments absorb photons and H2O is split the e- is moved to a move _________ state.

A

excited (high energy)

33
Q

_____________ absorbs photons increasing energetic state of e-.

A

Chlorophyll

34
Q

Light Reaction

A

Synthesis of APT and acquisition of an e-

35
Q

Dark reaction

A

Uses ATP and reduced CO2 to form glucose

36
Q

After H2O is split, e- becomes energized and transfer to different pigment molecules until they reach a ________________.

A

reaction center

37
Q

Once e- reaches the reaction center they can become energized and bump up to a ________ _________ _______.

A

primary electron acceptor

38
Q

A _______________ is a molecular light-capture device.

A

photosystem

39
Q

A pigment, supported by other molecules, receives an energy boost by the impact of ______________. This energy is then passed on to the dark reactions.

A

Photons

40
Q

What is the first step of NADPH-producing photosystem?

A

After e- interact with the primary electron acceptor in the water-splitting photosystem (photosystem ‘ll, they can travel to the NADPH producing photosystem (photosystem l) via an electron transport chain.

41
Q

What is the second step of NADPH producing photosystem?

A

Once they enter the NADPH producing photosystem, e- can re-energize again (higher energy state) to another primary electron acceptor

42
Q

What is the third step of NADPH-producing photosystem.?

A

e- can then reduce NADP+ to NADPH, acting as a high energy electron carrier.

43
Q

Two electron transport chains act during the _________________.

A

Light reaction

44
Q

The Calvin Cycle produces glucose from_______.

A

CO2

45
Q

What are the 4 steps to the Calvin cycle?

A
  1. Carbon enters as CO2 and gets fix to a 5 carbon compound called RuBP (rubulosr bisphosphate), this then breaks down into two 3- carbon molecules 2. Enzyme use ATP and NADPH e - to the 3-carbon molecule into G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatr) 3. Plants use G3P made in the Calvin Cycle to make glucose, other G3P molecules continue in the Calvin Cycle 4. After sugar is made, any left over G3P molecules are used to regenerate more RuBP, which can fix more CO2 molecules.
46
Q

C3 plants

A

least efficient at producing glucose

47
Q

The Calvin Cycle uses __________ directly from air.

A

CO2

48
Q

During hot and dry conditions these plants close their __________ to avoid water loss, in turn CO2 in take is reduced decreasing photosynthetic rates.

A

Stomata

49
Q

What are c4 plants ?

A

they store CO2 into 4-carbon molecules, which can supply the Calvin Cycle with carbon to produce sugar even when stomata are closed during hot and dry conditions.

50
Q

CAM plants.

A

open stomata at night only, and closes them during the day to prevents water loss. They also store CO2 in a 4-carbon molecule which can supply the Calvin Cycle with carbon to produce glucose during the day.

51
Q

The __________________ effect operates on a global scale.

A

Green house effect

52
Q

_____________________ includes visible light that penetrates the earth atmosphere and warms the planet’s surface.

A

solar radiation

53
Q

Heat radiating from the warmed planet is absorbed by gases in the __________________, which then reflect some of the year back to earth .

A

atmosphere

54
Q

What gases in the atmosphere that absorb heat radiation are called ____________________.

A

Green house gases

55
Q

What gases are absorb in the atmosphere.

A

water vapor, carbon dioxide, Mehtane

Biology 100 (19 decks)

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