Chapter 7 Flashcards
Photosynthesis: using light to make food
Plants are________ ________, as are some bacteria, and protists
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Autotrophs have the ability to make their own food via _______________.
Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis plants take in atmospheric CO2 through opening in their leaves called_______.
Stomata
Water in absorbed through a plants_________.
Roots
The process where Water evaporates and as it exits through the leaves, it sucks up more water into its roots is called
transpiration
During transpiration water travels using_________ of plants.
Vascular cell
As water travels through vascular cells of the plant it can _____________________________.
transfer nutrients important for growth
While the process of transpiration is the transfer of nutrient, photosynthesis produces___________.
Nutrients (glucose)
Photosynthesis occurs in _____________.
Chloroplasts
Contain light absorbing pigments called___________, which is involved in converting solar energy (sunlight) into chemical energy (glucose)
Chlorophyll
Inside Chloroplasts is a viscous liquid called _________ Many chemical reactions take place in the _________.
Stroma; Stromas
Chloroplasts contain folded interconnected membranous sacs called ___________.
Thylakoids
Thylakoids form stack called_________.
grana
Chloroplasts are found in high concentrations in the _____________ ___(middle tissue) of a leaf.
Mesophyll cell
_____________ is the process by which autotropic organisms convert light into chemical energy
Photosynthesis
Although chloroplast can be found in multiple types of plants tissue, they are usually most _______ in the leaves of the plant.
Abundant
_______ cells regulate the opening of a leave stromata.
Guard
What are the two parts of photosynthesis called?
Light reactions and dark reaction
What happens in the light reaction?
energy from light drives the synthesis of ATP and NADPH (electron carrier)
What happens in the dark reaction?
ATP is required to synthesize sugar
NADPH reduces CO2, important to synthesize sugar
Where does the light reaction take place in?
Thylakoid
Where does the dark reaction happen in?
Stroma
Light consist of high-speed particles called________.
Photon
Photons are packets of ______________ energy.
Electromagnetic
the electromagnetic spectrum show the full range of __________ types.
Radiation
Chloroplasts absorb specific __________ wavelengths and convert them into______ Energy.
Electromagnetic; Chemical
The most important pigment in green plants is called?
Chlorophyll
Shorter wavelengths have ___________energy.
higher energy
longer wavelengths have __________energy.
lower
Chloroplasts absorb specific electromagnetic wave lengths and convert them to_________________________.
chemical energy
Once pigments absorb photons (solar enegry) this energy splits H2O into ?
O+ 2 H+ , + 2 e-
Once the pigments absorb photons and H2O is split the e- is moved to a move _________ state.
excited (high energy)
_____________ absorbs photons increasing energetic state of e-.
Chlorophyll
Light Reaction
Synthesis of APT and acquisition of an e-
Dark reaction
Uses ATP and reduced CO2 to form glucose
After H2O is split, e- becomes energized and transfer to different pigment molecules until they reach a ________________.
reaction center
Once e- reaches the reaction center they can become energized and bump up to a ________ _________ _______.
primary electron acceptor
A _______________ is a molecular light-capture device.
photosystem
A pigment, supported by other molecules, receives an energy boost by the impact of ______________. This energy is then passed on to the dark reactions.
Photons
What is the first step of NADPH-producing photosystem?
After e- interact with the primary electron acceptor in the water-splitting photosystem (photosystem ‘ll, they can travel to the NADPH producing photosystem (photosystem l) via an electron transport chain.
What is the second step of NADPH producing photosystem?
Once they enter the NADPH producing photosystem, e- can re-energize again (higher energy state) to another primary electron acceptor
What is the third step of NADPH-producing photosystem.?
e- can then reduce NADP+ to NADPH, acting as a high energy electron carrier.
Two electron transport chains act during the _________________.
Light reaction
The Calvin Cycle produces glucose from_______.
CO2
What are the 4 steps to the Calvin cycle?
- Carbon enters as CO2 and gets fix to a 5 carbon compound called RuBP (rubulosr bisphosphate), this then breaks down into two 3- carbon molecules 2. Enzyme use ATP and NADPH e - to the 3-carbon molecule into G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatr) 3. Plants use G3P made in the Calvin Cycle to make glucose, other G3P molecules continue in the Calvin Cycle 4. After sugar is made, any left over G3P molecules are used to regenerate more RuBP, which can fix more CO2 molecules.
C3 plants
least efficient at producing glucose
The Calvin Cycle uses __________ directly from air.
CO2
During hot and dry conditions these plants close their __________ to avoid water loss, in turn CO2 in take is reduced decreasing photosynthetic rates.
Stomata
What are c4 plants ?
they store CO2 into 4-carbon molecules, which can supply the Calvin Cycle with carbon to produce sugar even when stomata are closed during hot and dry conditions.
CAM plants.
open stomata at night only, and closes them during the day to prevents water loss. They also store CO2 in a 4-carbon molecule which can supply the Calvin Cycle with carbon to produce glucose during the day.
The __________________ effect operates on a global scale.
Green house effect
_____________________ includes visible light that penetrates the earth atmosphere and warms the planet’s surface.
solar radiation
Heat radiating from the warmed planet is absorbed by gases in the __________________, which then reflect some of the year back to earth .
atmosphere
What gases in the atmosphere that absorb heat radiation are called ____________________.
Green house gases
What gases are absorb in the atmosphere.
water vapor, carbon dioxide, Mehtane
