Chapter 14

Question 1

The study of major biological changes seen in the fossil record. (i.e., obvious structural difference.)

Answer 1

Macroevolution

Question 2

When changes accumulate to produce a completely distinct group of organisms, this includes the origin of a new species.

Answer 2

Speclation

Question 3

According to the _______________, a species is a group of members in a population with the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Answer 3

Biological species concept

Question 4

Why don’t members of different species mate?

Answer 4

due to reproductive isolation

Question 5

Some pairs of clearly distinct species occasionally interbreed and produce ___________.

Answer 5

Hybrids

Question 6

What is an example of a Hybrid?

Answer 6

Grolar bear

Question 7

___________, which identifies species in terms of their ecological niche, looking at their role in an community.

Answer 7

Ecological species concept

Question 8

In the ecological species concept focuses on unique adaptations to particular roles in a biological community an example of this would be….

Answer 8

two species may be similar in appearance but distinguish based on what they eat or where they live

Question 9

The ________________ defines a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming a branch on an evolutionary tree.

Answer 9

Phylogenetic species concept

Question 10

Biologist trace the phylogenetic history of a species by comparing its ____________.

Answer 10

DNA sequences

Question 11

Alternate ways of defining species using traits, shape, size or other features this is called __________.

Answer 11

Morphological species concept

Question 12

Morphological species concept can be applied to

Answer 12

Asexual organisms and fossil

Question 13

___________: prevent interbreeding and establish different species - serves to isolate the gene pools of species

Answer 13

reproductive barriers

Question 14

____________ barriers prevent mating between different species.

Answer 14

Prezygotic postzygotic

Question 15

Courtship ritual in blue-footed boobies is an example of one kind of prezygotic barrier, _______________. , unless the ritual is performed correctly, mating will not occur

Answer 15

Behavioral isolation

Question 16

Structural differences don’t allow the genitals of these snails to mate this is an example of _____________.

Answer 16

Mechanical isolation

Question 17

_________ isolation: mating or fertilizing occurs at different seasons

Answer 17

Temporal

Question 18

_________ isolation: populations live in different habitats and therefore do not interact.

Answer 18

Habitat

Question 19

_________ isolation: female and male gametes fail to unite in fertilization.

Answer 19

Gametic

Question 20

Should prezygotic barriers fail and interspecific fertilization occur forming a hybid zygote, postzygotic barriers are additional mechanisms which _________________________________.

Answer 20

prevent the future hybrid generations for developing

Question 21

What are the two main modes of speciation?

Answer 21

Allopatric speciation

sympatric speciation

Question 22

Geographic isolation may cause a population to become genetically unique as its gene pool is changed by natural selection, genetic drift, barriers, or mutation this is called____________. many happens in animals

Answer 22

Allopatric speciation

Question 23

__________________ occurs if a mutation creates a reproductive barriers between parents and offspring. many happens in plants

Answer 23

Sympatric speciation

Question 24

This has occurred from accidents in cell division and hybridization from two different parent species resulting in extra chromosomes in certain plants this is called _____________: a multiple number of chromosomes.

Answer 24

Polyploidy

Question 25

If a parent cell fails to divide after DNA replication occurs, chromosomes duplicate, then ______________.

Answer 25

self fertilization may result in a plant with a different number of chromosomes

Question 26

The evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor is _____________.

Answer 26

Adaptive radiation

Question 27

What is an example of Adaptive radiation?

Answer 27

can be found on the Galapagos islands with the 14 different finch varieties considered to have arisen from a common ancestor from the mainland

Question 28

Why did the finches diversify?

Answer 28

Each finch may have been subject to slightly different environment conditions favoring a different break shape or size

Question 29

In speciation, a gradual accumulation of many changes, may account for a new species, explaining how a new species evolved through the gradual accumulation of changes brought about by natural selection this is known as_______________.

Answer 29

Gradualism

Question 30

However, _______________________ are found in the fossil record.

Answer 30

Few intermediate transition

Question 31

The ________________ model is a constrasting model of macroevolution.

Answer 31

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 32

The punctuated equilibrium proposes that species diverge in _____________ as a population diverges from the ancestral populations, with little or no change occurring for the remainder of the species’ existence.

Answer 32

Spurts of relatively rapid change

Question 33

_________: long periods of little change, or equilibrium punctuated by abrupt episodes of speciation

Answer 33

Punctuated model

Question 34

________: slow gradual changes over time

Answer 34

Gradualist model

Question 35

But, how long exactly is a “punctuation”?

Answer 35

A punctuation may involve hundreds of generation