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Biology 100 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The capacity to cause change or to do work.

A

Energy

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2
Q

What is an example of potential energy?

A

Chemical Energy

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3
Q

The energy of motion is called _________.

A

Kinetic Energy

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4
Q

Heat causes what kind of movement?

A

Random movement

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5
Q

What is stored energy called?

A

Potential Energy

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6
Q

Chemical energy is an example of?

A

Potential Energy

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7
Q

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Matter and Energy cannot be created or destroyed only converted

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8
Q

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy change is not 100% efficient

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9
Q

Some energy is always lost as heat.

A

Entropy

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10
Q

This molecule can be broken down into a simpler form for its uses of energy.

A

Glucose

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11
Q

The process where chemical energy is stored in organic molecules is used to produce ATP which causes the cells can use to perform work.

A

Cellular Respiration

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12
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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13
Q

What does ATP consist of?

A

Consist of adenosine plus three phosphate groups

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14
Q

How is energy obtained?

A

Energy is obtained by either Photosynthesis or Ingesting food.

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15
Q

Energy can not be ________ or _________, however it can be __________.

A

Created; Destroyed; Transferred

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16
Q

What is an example of Kinetic Energy?

A

Heat

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17
Q

Why is chemical energy considered to be a form of potential energy?

A

Potential Energy has energy stored in their chemical bonds

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18
Q

Some energy is lost as heat.

A

Entropy

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19
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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20
Q

What does ADP consist of?

A

Adenosine Plus two phosphate

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21
Q

Phosphate has a _______ Charge.

A

Negative

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22
Q

ATP (using energy)

A

ATP—-> Energy + ADP + P

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23
Q

ADP (Storing energy)

A

ADP + Energy + P —-> ATP

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24
Q

The total sum of all chemical reactions in an organism.

A

Metabolism

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25
Q

_______ are proteins that facilitate cellular reactions.

A

Enzymes

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26
Q

This protein can either turn off or stop a reaction from occur.

A

Enzymes

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27
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

28
Q

What are catalysts?

A

Enzymes

29
Q

Enzymes lower activation energy.

A

allowing reactions to occur more readily.

30
Q

Enzymes lower________

A

Activation enegry

31
Q

Highly selective proteins which react with certain molecules.

A

Substrates

32
Q

Where does the substrate interact with?

A

Active site

33
Q

When enzymes interact with the substrate the enzymes may under go a conformational change called an _____ ____ which makes interaction between the active site of the enzyme and substrate even tigher, and interaction more efficient.

A

Induce fit

34
Q

Enzymes activity is influenced by

A

Temperature
salt concentration
pH
concentration

35
Q

-ase is

A

an enzyme

36
Q

When it is denatures enzymes by altering their 3-D shape.

A

Temperature

37
Q

ions can interfere with active site

A

Salt concentration

38
Q

can change the 3D shape or interfere with active site

A

pH

39
Q

The concentration of enzyme or substrate

A

concentration

40
Q

What can an enzyme inhibitor do?

A

may prevent a reaction from taking place

permanently fill the active site instead of the substrate preventing certain reaction from occuring

41
Q

What is an Allosteric site and what does it do?

A

when a noncompetitive inhibitors interact with a different part of the enzyme (allosteric) causing the active site to change shape.

42
Q

What is the plasma membrane composed of?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

43
Q

The unique characteristics of the plasma membrane, enabling some molecules to freely pass whereas others enter only via protein channels.

A

Selectively Permeable

44
Q

Plasma membrane

A

cells can regulate the import and export of chemicals used in chemical reactions by way of the plasma membrane

45
Q

The random movement of molecules

A

Diffusion

46
Q

Molecules naturally move from ____ concentration to a ____ concentration

A

High to low

47
Q

No energy need, molecules travel across a membrane from high concentration to low concentration

A

Passive transport (diffusion)

48
Q

Specific transport proteins are selective in which molecules may pass into cell ( no energy required)

A

Facilitated diffusion

49
Q

Cells use energy to move molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration

A

Active transport

50
Q

active transport uses___________ to move a molecule across a membrane from a low concentration to a high concentration

A

Uses energy (ATP)

51
Q

Solutions with equal solute concentration as solution outside of it

A

Isotonic

52
Q

Solution with lower concentration of solutes of solution outside of it

A

Hypotonic

53
Q

Solution with a higher concentration of solute outside of it

A

Hypertonic

54
Q

water passively moving across a selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentration

A

osmosis

55
Q

control of water balance in cells

A

Osmoregulation

56
Q

When cells may have a different concentration of solutes that their environment, which may result in ______ or ______.

A

Water loss; water gain

57
Q

solutes usually do not enter or exit the cell, rather the concentration of _____ ____ or ______ the cell may change

A

water inside or outside

58
Q

Large molecules are transferred by vesicles outside the cell

A

Exocytosis

59
Q

The plasma membrane forms around substances, moving them in vesicles which are brought into cells

A

Endocytosis

60
Q

A cell engulfs large food particles or entire organisms

A

Phagocytosis (eating)

61
Q

A cell “gulps” droplets of fluid by forming tiny vesicles.

A

Pinocytosis (drinking)

62
Q

External molecules bind to a specific protein (receptor) on plasma membrane, then are brought into cell

A

Receptor mediated endocytoes

63
Q

_______ are also involved in cellular communication by binding signal molecules.

A

Receptors

64
Q

an extracellular signal molecule bond to celll surface protein may change the shape of the________.

A

protein

65
Q

A signal can be passed on to the inside of the cell.

A

signal transduction pathway

Biology 100 (19 decks)

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