Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 100 > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Animals are:

A
  • Eukaryotic

- Multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients by ________.

A

Ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Able to ______, then _____ their food within their bodies.

A

ingest

digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Animals cells lack the _______ that provide strong supposrt in the bodies of plants and fungi.

A

Cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most animals are diploid, having ______ eggs and sperm.

A

Haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

They produce sexually, then go through many _______________.

A

developmental stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the developmental stages?

A 
Sperm and eggs
            |
      Zygote
            |
      Blastula
            |
     Grastrula
     (3 layers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Animals are considered to have evolved from ________________.

A

colonial flagellated protists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Multiple protist cells are thought to gradually become more specialized, developing _____________.

A

Distinct layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major phyla of Animals are present in old Cambrian rock, exhibiting tremendous animal diversity, this is known as the _________, because life suddenly appeared or “exploded” as different forms.

A

Cambrian explosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Many of the strange creatures seen in _______ fossil beds are now extinct, but some life forms still exist today.

A

Cambrian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To build a phylogeny of all animals, scientists compare a variety of data sets, including comparative anatomy, ___________, and _________ biology.

A

Embryology

molecular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Four key characteristics of animal development

1) the development of ________ (endoderm mesoderm and ectoderm

A

True tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Four key characteristics of animal development

(2) The developmetn of ____________.

A

complex body symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Four key characteristics of animal development

(3) The development of a ________ led to complex internal anatomy and physiology.

A

True body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Four key characteristics of animal development

(4)Among the more complex coelomeat animals we can distinguish two main types coelom formation based on their _________.

A

embryonic development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(3) A body cavity is a _______ compartment that separates the outer body from the digestive tract.

A

Fluid-filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(3) This cavity may be ________ partially present as a ___________ or complete as a ____________.

A

Acoelmate
Pseudocoelom
True coleom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(4) In _______ such as vertebrates and sea stars.

A

Deuterostomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

(4) In deuterostromes ,the first embryonic infolding becomes the ______and the coelom develops from the gut.

A

Anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In _________ the first embryonic infolding becomes the mouth and the coelom develops from cell masses.

A

Protostomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sponges _____ have true tissues, so they are thought to be a primitive animal.

A

do not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sponges are _____(attached to a substrate) and lack true tissues.

A

Sessile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sponges have several autonomous cell types, such as ___________ and __________.

A

Amoebocytes

Choanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Many sponges exhibit ________, meaning that their parts are arranged around a central axis.

A

Radial symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Phylum Porifera—-

A

sponges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Flagellated ________, filter food from the water passing through the porous body.

A

Choanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

It is thought that Flagellated choanocytes arose from multicellular ____________ which still exist today.

A

Choanoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Once food is captured, _________ distributes food to other cells

A

Amoebocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cnidarians are the simplest animals with __________.

A

true tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cnidarians exist in either of two radial symmetrical forms which are

A

Jellyfish and sea anemones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cnidarians also include sessile polyps such as

A

Hydra, corals, sea anemones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Cnidarians include free floating ________.

A

Medusas (jellyfish)

34
Q

_____________: incomplete digestive system, the food enters, and wastes exits through the same opening

A

Gastrovascular cavity

35
Q

Some Cnidarians have _______, which are unique stinging cells that capture prey and aid in defense.

A

Cnidocytes

36
Q

______ are represented by soft-bodies animals usually protected by a hard shell.

A

Molluscs

37
Q

Molluscs include

A

Gastropods, Bivalves, and Cephalopods

38
Q

Many molluscs fee by using a file-like organ called a ______ to scrape up food

A

Radula

39
Q

What are the three main parts of a mollusc?

A

A muscular foot used for movement
A visceral mass housing most of the internal organs
A mantle, which secretes the shell if present

40
Q

________ are the largest group of molluscs and include the snail and slug.

A

Gastropods

41
Q

Gastropods are

A
  • found in fresh water, salt water, and terrestrial environments.
  • the only molluscs that live on land, using the mantal as a lung
  • often protected by a single, spiral shell
42
Q

Many gastropods are slugs that lack the mantle and shell and have long colorful projections that function as ____.

A

gills

43
Q

______: include clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops

A

Bivalves

44
Q

Bivalves have

A

shells divided into two halves that are hinged together

45
Q

Most bivalves are sedentary suspension feeders attached to the substrate by strong _______.

A

threads

46
Q

___________: include squids , octopuses, and nautiluses

A

Cephalopods

47
Q

are fast, agile predators

A

Cephalopods

48
Q

Have larger brains and sophisticated sense organs, including complex image-focusing eyes

A

cephalopods

49
Q

This type of Phylum Molluscs had a shell that is large in a nautilus, small and internal in a squid, or missing in an octopus

A

Cephalopods

50
Q

____________ are the simplest bilateral animal.

A

Flatworms

51
Q

Flatworms ________ have a cell, nor a complete digestive tract, food and water goes out of only 1 opening.

A

do not

52
Q

Most flatworms are free-living forms called ______________.

A

planarians

53
Q

flatworms are part of which Phylum group

A

Platyhelminthes

54
Q

Some flatworms are parasitic these include…

A

tapeworm and liver fluke

55
Q

Human tapeworm can reach a length of __________.

A

60 feet

56
Q

Annelids are worms whose bodies are elongated by __________________________.

A

repetitive body segments

57
Q

What are the three types of annelids?

A

oligochaetes, polychaetes, and leeches.

58
Q

_____________ are earthworms, which eat their way through soil.

A

Oligochaetes

59
Q

______________ are free-swimming or burrowing marine worms.

A

polychaetes

60
Q

____________ are blood-sucking parasites.

A

leeches

61
Q

Roundworms exhibit a digestive tract, having two openings, a _________ and an ________. a complete digestive tract can process food and absorbs nutrients more efficiently.

A

mouth, anus

62
Q

a roundworms is part of which Phylum group?

A

Nematoda

63
Q

Arthropods have specialized segments and an exoskeleton made of _______.

A

chitin

64
Q

What are the four main groups of arthropods?

A

Arachnids, crustaceans, millipedes, and centipedes.

65
Q

_____________ include spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites. which are part of the Arthropod.

A

Arachnids

66
Q

__________________ are crabs, lobster, crayfish, shrimps, and barnacles part of Arthropods

A

Crustaceans

67
Q

_________two pairs of legs per segments and _________ one pair of legs per segment. part of arthropod

A

millipedes, centipedes

68
Q

_________ are the most diverse of any type of animal. 70% of all identified animals species are insects.

A

insects

69
Q

There may be as many as ____________ insect species.

A

30 million

70
Q

The body of an insect typically includes

A

a head, thorax, abdomen, three sets of legs, wings ( with few expections)

71
Q

most adult insects have ___________ bodys.

A

three-part

72
Q

most insects undergo ____________________ where larva specialize in growth and development, then the non feeding pupa rebuilds it’s body, then is finally transformed into an adult insect.

A

complete metamorphosis

73
Q

metamorphosis prevents

A

competition of juveniles with adults

74
Q

other insects undergo _________________ in which the transition from larva to adult is achieved through multiple bolts without forming a pupa.

A

incomplete metamorphosis

75
Q

____________________________: many insects have protective color patterns and disguises, including modification to antennae, wings, and bodies.

A

protective color patters

76
Q

The Phylum Echinodermata includes

A

sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.

77
Q

In the Phylum Echinodermata these marina animals are characterized by their __________. they usually have an endoskeleton, and exhibit radial symmetry.

A

spiny skin

78
Q

Unique to echinoderms is their ___________________ which facilitates gas exchange, waste disposal and allows the use of suction-cup-like tube feet for locomotion.

A

water vascular system

79
Q

Phylum Chordats can be further classified into 3 subphylum.

A

Vertebrates , lancelets, and tunicates.

80
Q

There are four defining characteristics of organisms in Phylum Chordata

A

-Dorsal hollow nerve cord (spinal cord), Notochord (a support for fins or limbs), pharyngeal hill slit and post-anal tail (sometimes reduced)

Biology 100 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions