Chapter 7

Question 1

What are the 4 process of glucose metabolism

Answer 1

glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, CAC and oxidative
phosphorylation

Question 2

Where do each of the glucose metabolism steps occur

Answer 2

Glycolysis - cytoplasm
Pyruvate Oxidation, CAC - mitochondria matrix
Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC) - mitochondria inner membrane

Question 3

Inputs and Outputs of glycolysis

Answer 3

Input: 1 glucose, 2 ATP, ADP+Pi NAD+
Output: NADH, 4 ATP, 2 pyruvate

Question 4

Inputs and Outputs of pyruvate oxidation

Answer 4

Input: 2 pyruvate, NAD+
Output: 2 Acetyl CoA, NADH, CO2

Question 5

Inputs and Outputs of citric acid cycle

Answer 5

Input: 2 acetyl coA, NAD+, FAD, ADP+Pi
Output: CO2, NADH, FADH2, 2 ATP

Question 6

Inputs and Outputs of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 6

Inputs: ADP+Pi, NADH, FADH2, O2
Outputs: 28 ATP, NAD+, FAD, H2O

Question 7

What happens if you do not eat?

Answer 7

Then you will not have any energy because you need glucose to survive and produce all the activities in your body

Question 8

beta-oxidation

Answer 8

catabolism of fatty acids in which 2-carbon fragments are successively removed from the carboxyl end of the chain

Question 9

What are the two conditions that change the rates of enzymes?

Answer 9

pH and temperature

Question 10

Isozymes

Answer 10

enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different properties, such as optimal temperature

Question 11

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 11

energy is neither created nor destoryed

Question 12

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 12

energy converted creates heat energy

Question 13

Regulation of Enzymes to control the rates of reactions helps maintain internal ______

Answer 13

homeostasis

Question 14

Is an allosteric inhibitor a positive or negative feedback?

Answer 14

negative

Question 15

The most common fuel in organisms is ______

Answer 15

glucose

Question 16

Free energy at the end of a reaction is what kind of reaction

Answer 16

exergonic

Question 17

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 17

multicellular organisms, waste products H2O and CO2, 32 ATP

Question 18

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 18

single cell, 2 ATP, waste products are lactic acid or ethanol

Question 19

The molecule couples the reaction of NAD+ to NADH, what about the reverse?

Answer 19

glucose, oxygen

Question 20

What donates to O2 to make H2O

Answer 20

electrons

Question 21

What are the 3 steps of oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

Answer 21

Energy released from NADH
Energy used to pump protons (H+) into inner membrane space
H+ concentration gradient used to make ATP

Question 21

What are the 3 steps of oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

Answer 21

Energy released from NADH
Energy used to pump protons (H+) into inner membrane space
H+ concentration gradient used to make ATP

Question 22

Does more H+ cause a higher or lower pH

Answer 22

Lower making it acidic in the inter membrane space

Question 23

What goes through ATP synthase?

Answer 23

protons so that ADP can be made into ATP

Question 24

In the absence of ___, an artificial __ gradient is sufficient for ___ synthase by mitochondria

Answer 24

ETC, H+, ATP

Question 25

ATP synthase, acting as an __ channel, is necessary for ___ _______

Answer 25

H+, ATP synthase

Question 26

What are reused in cellular respiration

Answer 26

NAD+ and FAD

Question 27

Which processes are substrate level and which processes are oxidative phosphorylation level

Answer 27

Substrate Level = Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation = ETC

Question 28

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 28

Production of ATP by the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate directly to ADP

Question 29

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 29

Enzymes to oxidize nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate

Question 30

SRP

Answer 30

enables delivery of proteins for translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum