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z PP1: Cell Bio > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cadherins are:

A

cell adhesion molecules found in cell junctions

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2
Q

This protein appears as a “web” in the cytoplasm of cells. The protein is likely:

A

a component of the cytoskeleton.

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3
Q

What end do dynein and kinesin go towards

A

Dynein to minus end
Kinesin to plus end

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4
Q

Which types of cell junctions are found in skin?

A

adherens junctions, tight junctions, hemidesmosomes, desmosomes

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5
Q

List the following in order from lesser to greater complexity: organs, tissues, and cells.

A

cells, tissues, organs

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6
Q

True or False: The epidermis is made up of epithelial tissue whereas the dermis is made up primarily of connective tissue.

A

True

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7
Q

What is not found in plant cells but in animal cells: microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments

A

intermediate filaments

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8
Q

Cells with cilia rely mainly on _____ to facilitate their movement.

A

microtubules

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9
Q

Which type of cellular junction allows for the movement of proteins and transfer of RNA molecules?

A

plasmodesmata

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10
Q

Cadherins bind to which type of cytoskeletal elements

A

intermediate filaments and microfilaments

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11
Q

Kinesin and dynein move substances along what?

A

microtubules

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12
Q

What are microtubules made of

A

tublin protein

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13
Q

What are microtubule motor proteins and how do they work?

A

Kinesins move toward the positive pole.
Dyneins move toward the negative pole.
They help animals blend into their enviornment

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14
Q

What are some examples of microtubules?

A

centrioles and spindle fibers

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15
Q

What is the “9+2” arrangement?

A

Arrangement of flagella and cilia.
9 fuzed pairs on the outside and a pair of not fuzed microtubule in the middle

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16
Q

What are microfilaments made out of

A

Actin monomer double helix

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17
Q

What are microfilaments motor proteins and how do they work

A

Myosin - Actin works with myosin to produce muscle contractions they work by catalyzing ATP into ADP, binds to actin, AADP released causing the microfilaments to slide, myosin head binds to ATP and detaches from actin

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18
Q

What are some examples of microfilaments?

A

muscle contractions and cytoskeleton

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19
Q

What are intermediate filaments made out of

A

Intermediate filament proteins

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20
Q

What are some examples of intermediate filaments?

A

keratin, neurofilaments

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21
Q

There are two main cell adhesion molecules. What are they and what do they connect to?

A

Cadherins: bind cell to cell (E to E, N to N)
Integrins: bind cells to extracellular matrix (ECM)

22
Q

Adherens junctions: where found and function

A

Adhesion Molecule: Cadherin
Intercellular Attachment: Microfilaments
Function: Cell to Cell

23
Q

Desmosomes: where found and function

A

Adhesion Molecule: Cadherin
Intercellular Attachment: Intermediate Filaments
Function: Cell to Cell

24
Q

Tight junctions: where found and function

A

Function: Epithelial Boundary

25
Q

Hemidesmosomes: where found and function

A

Adhesion Molecule: Integrin
Intercellular Attachment: Intermediate Filaments
Function: Cell to ECM

26
Q

Gap junctions: where found and function

A

Cell Communication in animals
made of connexons

27
Q

Plasmodesmata: where found and function

A

Cell Communication in plants
LARGER THAN GAP JUNCTIONS

28
Q

What are some examples of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

A

Collagen, fibronectin, laminin

29
Q

The EMC is a complex mix of proteins and polysaccharides outside the cell. Secreated by many types of cells. Provides the ______ framework for the _______ of plants and animals. Provides ______________ cues

A

molecular, structure (bones), informational

30
Q

What are some main functions of microfilaments?

A

Vesicle transport
cell shape and support
x contraction
cytokinesis
actin form of microvilli

31
Q

What are some main functions of intermediate filaments?

A

stabilize STRUCTURE
anchor organelles
cell SHAPE

32
Q

What are some main functions of microtubules?

A

cell shape
cilia and flagella
spindles
vesicle transport

33
Q

Out of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules which has no polarity

A

intermediate filaments

34
Q

What is the structure of microfilaments?

A

Plus and minus end for polarity, 2 strands of twisted actin

35
Q

What is the structure of intermediate filaments

A

fibrous proteins coiled into a thicker cable

36
Q

What is the structure of microtubules

A

cylinder shell of protein tubulin

37
Q

Defects in ___________________ make the skin far less resistant to physical stress

A

intermediate filaments

38
Q

The __________ gives the nucleus structure

A

cytoskeleton

39
Q

Which component has dynamic instability

A

microtubules

40
Q

What are three types of movement associated with cells

A

shape changes, movement of organelles or molecules inside the cell, cell migration

41
Q

Informational cues in the ECM provide?

A

Direction for cell migration
Gene Expression changes (cell division)
Cell Shape

42
Q

What 3 things make up a plant cell wall? (plant EMC)

A

Fibers, pectin, lignin, cellulose

43
Q

The cell wall of bacteria is

A

peptidoglycan

44
Q

The basal lamina is a specialized foundation for the epithelial tissues. They _____ a structural _______ for the _______ tissues

A

provide, foundation, epithelial

45
Q

Tumors within normal tissues upregulate _______ expression and downregulate ______ expression

A

integrin, cadherin

46
Q

What makes up animal ECM

A

Fibrous Proteins
-collagen
-fibronectin
-laminin
-elastin
-proteoglycan
Polysaccharides

47
Q

Bacteria ECM is apart of what?

A

The cell wall

48
Q

Where are animals ECM found

A

In tissues

49
Q

ECM Function:

A

structure for plants and animals
Informational cues (cell signal, directional movement)

50
Q

What is metastasis?

A

When cancer cells spread from one part of the body to another

z PP1: Cell Bio (18 decks)

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